Trial Outcomes & Findings for Impact of Sleep Restriction on Performance in Adults (NCT NCT02960776)
NCT ID: NCT02960776
Last Updated: 2025-04-03
Results Overview
Body composition (specifically fat volume) will be measured by MRI at baseline and endpoint.
COMPLETED
NA
45 participants
Week 6 (endpoint)
2025-04-03
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Adequate Sleep Followed by Sleep Restriction
Participants were randomized to continue adequate sleep in phase 1 and crossed over to sleep restriction condition in phase 2
|
Sleep Restriction Followed by Adequate Sleep
Participants were randomized to restrict sleep in phase 1 and crossed over to follow their habitual adequate sleep in phase 2
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
22
|
23
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
16
|
20
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
6
|
3
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
MRI data were not obtained in one participant at baseline of phase 1 for sleep restriction
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Adequate Sleep Followed by Sleep Restriction
n=22 Participants
Participants were randomized to continue adequate sleep in phase 1 and crossed over to sleep restriction condition in phase 2
|
Sleep Restriction Followed by Adequate Sleep
n=23 Participants
Participants were randomized to restrict sleep in phase 1 and crossed over to follow their habitual adequate sleep in phase 2
|
Total
n=45 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
32.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=22 Participants
|
31.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 • n=23 Participants
|
32.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=45 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
9 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
13 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
6 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
16 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
3 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
2 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
13 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
2 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
2 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=23 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
22 participants
n=22 Participants
|
23 participants
n=23 Participants
|
45 participants
n=45 Participants
|
|
Body fat volume by MRI
|
23.9 Liter
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=22 Participants • MRI data were not obtained in one participant at baseline of phase 1 for sleep restriction
|
24.6 Liter
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 • n=22 Participants • MRI data were not obtained in one participant at baseline of phase 1 for sleep restriction
|
24.3 Liter
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 • n=44 Participants • MRI data were not obtained in one participant at baseline of phase 1 for sleep restriction
|
|
Sedentary Behavior
|
741 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 94 • n=22 Participants
|
752.4 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 93.4 • n=23 Participants
|
746.4 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 93.8 • n=45 Participants
|
|
Physical Activity
|
103.6 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 49.5 • n=20 Participants • Data were not available for 5 participants.
|
89.3 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 41.7 • n=20 Participants • Data were not available for 5 participants.
|
96.7 minutes/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 46.5 • n=40 Participants • Data were not available for 5 participants.
|
|
Ghrelin
|
870.3 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 341.5 • n=21 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 2 participants who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
750.5 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 251 • n=21 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 2 participants who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
810.4 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 302.1 • n=42 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 2 participants who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
|
Leptin
|
21.9 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.3 • n=21 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
26.5 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.9 • n=22 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
24.3 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.5 • n=43 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
|
Glucagon-like peptide 1
|
25.0 pM
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 • n=21 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
21.5 pM
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.0 • n=22 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
23.2 pM
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=43 Participants • Blood samples were not available at baseline for 1 participant who started phase 1 in adequate sleep condition and 1 participant who started phase 1 in sleep restriction condition
|
|
Orexin
|
1.34 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.52 • n=15 Participants • Assay was run on a sub-set of participants
|
1.21 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.48 • n=17 Participants • Assay was run on a sub-set of participants
|
1.28 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=32 Participants • Assay was run on a sub-set of participants
|
|
Neuropeptide Y
|
1.37 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.68 • n=15 Participants • Assay was run on a subset of participants
|
1.32 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.68 • n=17 Participants • Assay was run on a subset of participants
|
1.34 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.67 • n=32 Participants • Assay was run on a subset of participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Week 6 (endpoint)Population: Data were available from 38 women who underwent MRI scanning for body composition assessment.
Body composition (specifically fat volume) will be measured by MRI at baseline and endpoint.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=38 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=38 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Endpoint Fat Volume
|
24.0 Liter
Standard Deviation 11.4
|
24.2 Liter
Standard Deviation 11.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over 14 days at the end of each phase (weeks 5 and 6; endpoint)EE is the amount of energy (or calories) that a person needs to carry out physical functions and will be assessed using Doubly Labeled Water (DLW), during the last 2 weeks of each sleep phase.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=32 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=30 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Energy Expenditure (EE)
|
2445 kcal/d
Standard Deviation 548
|
2476 kcal/d
Standard Deviation 527
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Average over 6 weeks (measured daily)Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=39 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=39 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Physical Activity
|
86.1 minutes/day
Standard Deviation 48.1
|
87.4 minutes/day
Standard Deviation 43.4
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 weeksAverage post-baseline values
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=41 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=37 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Ghrelin
|
856.6 pg/mL
Standard Deviation 325.7
|
819.4 pg/mL
Standard Deviation 287.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Week 6Population: fMRI data was collected from 26 participants.
The primary aim of this outcome was to investigate brain activation in response to food stimuli after a six-week period of Adequate Sleep (AS) or mild Sleep Restriction (SR). To achieve this, the investigators contrasted neuronal responses to food and non-food stimuli at two time points (baseline and six weeks post-intervention/control). This contrast allowed the investigators to calculate the number of voxels activated during the view of food stimuli compared to the number of voxels activated during the view of non-food stimuli (food - non-food) under each condition (AS or SR). Regional brain activation is reported as the total number of voxels activated on the group contrast images (combination of all analyzed participants) of the neuronal response to food stimuli compared to non-food stimuli. For this analysis, voxels were considered activated if they survived Gaussian Random Field theory correction with a 2-tailed p \< 0.001 threshold when creating the group contrast images.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=26 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=26 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Regional Brain Activation in Response to Food Stimuli
|
469 Activated Voxels
|
218 Activated Voxels
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Average over 6 weeks (measured daily)Time spent in sedentary physical activity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=39 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=39 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Sedentary Behavior
|
766.9 minutes/day
Standard Deviation 106.5
|
851 minutes/day
Standard Deviation 87.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 weeksAverage post-baseline values
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=41 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=37 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Leptin
|
23.4 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 18.9
|
23.5 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 19.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 weeksAverage post-baseline values
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=42 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=37 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Glucagon-like Peptide 1
|
22.9 pM
Standard Deviation 9.7
|
23.0 pM
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 weeksPopulation: Assays were run on a sub-set of participants.
Average post-baseline values
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=30 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=30 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Orexin
|
1.29 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 0.61
|
1.34 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 weeksPopulation: Assay run on a sub-set of participants
Average post-baseline values
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=29 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=29 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Neuropeptide Y
|
1.36 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 0.70
|
1.41 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 0.67
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Week 6 (endpoint)Working memory data were collected using the List Sorting Working Memory Test from the NIH Toolbox. Data were transformed into a t-score ranging from 0-100 where a higher t-score indicates better performance. T-score of 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10. Data were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks on study intervention. Traditionally, a clinically relevant threshold for cognitive data is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean. For a t-score, this would mean that a score of 35 or lower suggests clinical relevance.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=12 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=10 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
NIH Toolbox®
|
57.2 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.5
|
50.8 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.9
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Week 6 (endpoint)Episodic verbal learning and memory were collected using the Modified Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (ModRey). The primary variable of interest for this test is the number of correctly recalled words across three learning trials from List A consisting of 20 words in each trial. The total score range across three trials is 0-60. A higher score indicates better performance.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=15 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=13 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Neuro-behavioral Measures
|
33.8 score
Standard Deviation 8.7
|
33.5 score
Standard Deviation 9.5
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Week 5 (endpoint)CD8+ T-cells from samples collected late in the day (non-fasted)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=11 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=13 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Immune Function
|
102212 cells/mL
Standard Deviation 88785
|
107844 cells/mL
Standard Deviation 259554
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Week 5 (endpoint)Classical monocytes measured from samples collected late in the day (non-fasted)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=11 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=13 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Immune Markers
|
80038 cells/mL
Standard Deviation 41470
|
134056 cells/mL
Standard Deviation 59315
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Week 5Distance walked over a 6-minute walk test
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Habitual Sleep (HS)
n=28 Participants
Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase.
|
Sleep Restriction (SR)
n=29 Participants
Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase.
Sleep Restriction (SR): Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Distance Walked
|
620.2 meters
Standard Deviation 81.1
|
625.7 meters
Standard Deviation 85.2
|
Adverse Events
Habitual Sleep (HS)
Sleep Restriction (SR)
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Marie-Pierre St-Onge
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place