Trial Outcomes & Findings for Mindfulness for Anger in Veterans With PTSD (NCT NCT02882802)
NCT ID: NCT02882802
Last Updated: 2026-05-01
Results Overview
Self-report measure of overall state anger using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 15-60; higher scores indicate greater state anger.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
61 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessment
Results posted on
2026-05-01
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
35
|
26
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
29
|
23
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
6
|
3
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
6
|
3
|
Baseline Characteristics
Mindfulness for Anger in Veterans With PTSD
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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Total
n=61 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
54.09 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.06 • n=14 Participants
|
50.54 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.20 • n=34 Participants
|
52.57 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.99 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
7 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
28 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
48 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
3 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
31 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
1 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race · American Indian or Alaskan Native
|
2 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race · Black or African American
|
7 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race · White
|
22 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
38 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race · More than one race
|
2 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race · Unknown choose not to report
|
2 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI State Anger Scale
|
27.34 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.61 • n=14 Participants
|
26.88 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.30 • n=34 Participants
|
27.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.26 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Trait Anger Scale
|
23.60 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.88 • n=14 Participants
|
23.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.83 • n=34 Participants
|
23.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.25 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Anger Expression In
|
21.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.42 • n=14 Participants
|
22.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.68 • n=34 Participants
|
21.77 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.00 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Anger Expression Out
|
18.20 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.54 • n=14 Participants
|
17.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.98 • n=34 Participants
|
18.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.70 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Anger Control In
|
20.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.47 • n=14 Participants
|
21.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.92 • n=34 Participants
|
20.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.21 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Anger Control Out
|
20.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.31 • n=14 Participants
|
21.12 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.23 • n=34 Participants
|
20.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.86 • n=69 Participants
|
|
STAXI Anger Expression Index
|
46.77 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.57 • n=14 Participants
|
45.77 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.89 • n=34 Participants
|
46.34 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.18 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Buss Perry Aggression Quest Total Score
|
112.97 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 32.48 • n=14 Participants
|
107.77 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 32.78 • n=34 Participants
|
110.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 32.44 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Buss Perry Aggression Quest Physical Aggression
|
33.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.96 • n=14 Participants
|
31.81 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.22 • n=34 Participants
|
32.70 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.98 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire Verbal Aggression
|
20.34 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.95 • n=14 Participants
|
20.88 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.19 • n=34 Participants
|
20.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.99 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire Anger
|
27.43 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.03 • n=14 Participants
|
24.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.55 • n=34 Participants
|
26.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.23 • n=69 Participants
|
|
Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire Hostility
|
31.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.75 • n=14 Participants
|
30.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.05 • n=34 Participants
|
31.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.71 • n=69 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of overall state anger using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 15-60; higher scores indicate greater state anger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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|---|---|---|
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State Anger Scale
Baseline
|
27.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.61
|
26.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.30
|
|
State Anger Scale
3 Week
|
23.47 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.27
|
25.67 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.98
|
|
State Anger Scale
6 Week
|
24.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.63
|
23.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.33
|
|
State Anger Scale
Post-treatment
|
22.23 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.45
|
23.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.77
|
|
State Anger Scale
3 month follow up
|
22.38 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.38
|
20.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.57
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of trait anger using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 10-40; higher scores indicate greater trait anger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Trait Anger Scale
Baseline
|
23.60 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.88
|
23.27 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.83
|
|
Trait Anger Scale
week 3
|
22.37 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.58
|
21.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.23
|
|
Trait Anger Scale
week 6
|
23.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.41
|
21.09 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.87
|
|
Trait Anger Scale
post-treatment
|
21.70 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.53
|
21.30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.40
|
|
Trait Anger Scale
3 month follow up
|
20.31 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.98
|
20.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.01
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of anger expression inward using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 8-32; higher scores indicate greater frequency of experiencing anger but not expressing (i.e., suppressing) anger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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|---|---|---|
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Anger Expression In
Baseline
|
21.37 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.42
|
22.31 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.68
|
|
Anger Expression In
week 3
|
20.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.50
|
21.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.27
|
|
Anger Expression In
week 6
|
20.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.67
|
21.78 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.47
|
|
Anger Expression In
post-treatment
|
19.70 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.83
|
21.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.70
|
|
Anger Expression In
3 month follow up
|
19.52 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.31
|
20.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.87
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of anger expression outward using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 8-32; higher scores indicate greater frequency of expressing anger verbally or physically.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Anger Expression Out
week 6
|
17.33 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.31
|
16.61 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.77
|
|
Anger Expression Out
Baseline
|
18.20 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.54
|
17.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.98
|
|
Anger Expression Out
week 3
|
16.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.06
|
16.38 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.17
|
|
Anger Expression Out
post-treatment
|
17.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.44
|
17.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.03
|
|
Anger Expression Out
3 month follow up
|
16.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.05
|
16.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.20
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of anger control inward using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Score range: 8-32; higher scores indicate greater frequency of attempting to control anger feelings by calming down or cooling off.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Anger Control In
Baseline
|
20.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.47
|
21.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.92
|
|
Anger Control In
week 3
|
19.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.64
|
21.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.90
|
|
Anger Control In
week 6
|
20.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.69
|
22.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.36
|
|
Anger Control In
post-treatment
|
21.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.94
|
22.52 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.12
|
|
Anger Control In
3 month follow up
|
21.55 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.60
|
22.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.61
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of anger control outward using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Score range: 8-32; higher scores indicate greater frequency of controlling outward expression of angry feelings.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Anger Control Out
Baseline
|
20.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.31
|
21.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.23
|
|
Anger Control Out
week 3
|
19.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.49
|
20.71 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.09
|
|
Anger Control Out
week 6
|
20.27 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.33
|
22.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.05
|
|
Anger Control Out
post-treatment
|
21.70 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.02
|
22.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.15
|
|
Anger Control Out
3 month follow up
|
20.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.32
|
23.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.45
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Total Anger score on the STAXI-2. Score range: 0-96; higher scores indicate greater expression of anger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Anger Expression Index
Baseline
|
46.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.57
|
45.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.89
|
|
Anger Expression Index
week 3
|
46.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.91
|
43.46 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.19
|
|
Anger Expression Index
week 6
|
45.97 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.43
|
41.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.54
|
|
Anger Expression Index
post-treatment
|
41.33 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.39
|
42.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.45
|
|
Anger Expression Index
3 month follow up
|
41.97 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.60
|
38.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.73
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
Self-report measure of total aggression using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Scores range from 29-203; greater scores indicate greater total aggression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Buss Perry Total Aggression Score
Baseline
|
112.97 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.48
|
107.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.78
|
|
Buss Perry Total Aggression Score
week 3
|
104.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.44
|
100.58 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.79
|
|
Buss Perry Total Aggression Score
week 6
|
104.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.04
|
98.78 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.59
|
|
Buss Perry Total Aggression Score
post-treatment
|
104.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.68
|
103.09 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.51
|
|
Buss Perry Total Aggression Score
3 month follow up
|
41.97 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.60
|
100 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.48
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
self-report measure assessing physical aggression using Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Scores range from 9-63; greater scores indicate greater total physical aggression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Buss Perry Physical Aggression
Baseline
|
33.37 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.96
|
31.81 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.22
|
|
Buss Perry Physical Aggression
week 3
|
32.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.66
|
29.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.76
|
|
Buss Perry Physical Aggression
week 6
|
32.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.44
|
29.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.50
|
|
Buss Perry Physical Aggression
post-treatment
|
32.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.75
|
30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.75
|
|
Buss Perry Physical Aggression
3 month follow up
|
29.86 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.16
|
31.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.51
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
self-report measure assessing verbal aggression using Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Scores range from 5-35; greater scores indicate greater total verbal aggression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Buss Perry Verbal Aggression Score
Baseline
|
20.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.95
|
20.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.19
|
|
Buss Perry Verbal Aggression Score
week 3
|
18.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.01
|
19.25 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.92
|
|
Buss Perry Verbal Aggression Score
week 6
|
18.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.50
|
20.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.07
|
|
Buss Perry Verbal Aggression Score
post-treatment
|
19.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.06
|
18.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.20
|
|
Buss Perry Verbal Aggression Score
3 month follow up
|
17.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.89
|
17.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.73
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
self-report measure of anger using the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Scores range from 7-49; greater scores indicate greater total anger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Buss Perry Anger Scale
Baseline
|
27.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.03
|
24.35 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.55
|
|
Buss Perry Anger Scale
week 3
|
25.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.98
|
22.75 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.30
|
|
Buss Perry Anger Scale
week 6
|
25.20 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.77
|
22.52 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.28
|
|
Buss Perry Anger Scale
post-treatment
|
25.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.66
|
24.30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.32
|
|
Buss Perry Anger Scale
3 month follow up
|
24.48 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.16
|
22.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.40
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatments (i.e., post-treatment), and within 5 months after completing the post-treatment assessmentPopulation: Not all participants completed assessments at all time points.
self-report measure of hostility using the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Scores range from 8-56; greater scores indicate greater total hostility.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Buss Perry Hostility Scale
week 3
|
27.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.08
|
29.38 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.70
|
|
Buss Perry Hostility Scale
Baseline
|
31.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.75
|
30.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.05
|
|
Buss Perry Hostility Scale
week 6
|
28.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.90
|
27 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.09
|
|
Buss Perry Hostility Scale
post-treatment
|
27.27 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.76
|
30.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.80
|
|
Buss Perry Hostility Scale
3 month follow up
|
23.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.98
|
27.70 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.97
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatmentsPopulation: Number of participants analyzed is smaller than the total number of participants reported in Participant Flow as not all participants were able to/agreed to attend the in-person lab assessment (and therefore complete the Taylor Reaction Time task) due to COVID-19 restrictions
An experimental lab-based paradigm designed to assess provoked aggression, the Taylor Reaction Time Task. This subscale determines whether participants' aggression increased, decreased, or remained the same across four blocks of trials (six trials within each block). Scores range from 0-11 within each trial, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. Each of the six trials within each block are averaged together.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=22 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=19 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Provoked Aggression Subscale 1
Block 1
|
2.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
3.41 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.53
|
|
Provoked Aggression Subscale 1
Block 2
|
2.86 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.51
|
4.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.69
|
|
Provoked Aggression Subscale 1
Block 3
|
4.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.79
|
5.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.45
|
|
Provoked Aggression Subscale 1
Block 4
|
4.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.72
|
5.11 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.44
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatmentsPopulation: Number of participants analyzed is smaller than the total number of participants reported in Participant Flow as not all participants were able to/agreed to attend the in-person lab assessment (and therefore complete the Taylor Reaction Time task) due to COVID-19 restrictions
An experimental lab-based paradigm designed to assess provoked aggression, the Taylor Reaction Time Task. This subscale determines participants' initial levels of aggression. Participants can choose from the following response options: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10 or 20, with higher scores indicating greater initial levels of aggression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=22 Participants
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=19 Participants
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
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|---|---|---|
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Provoked Aggression Subscale 2
|
2.50 units on a scale
Interval 0.0 to 6.0
|
5 units on a scale
Interval 1.0 to 6.0
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OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatmentsChanges in skin conductance levels during the trauma narrative portion of the lab session.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: within 8 weeks following the completion of either of the two treatmentsChanges in heart rate during the trauma narrative portion of the lab session.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
Adverse Events
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Trauma Recovery Education Class
Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
| Measure |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
n=35 participants at risk
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a group-based intervention in which participants are taught different mindfulness meditation practices, including body scan (focusing attention to different areas of the body in sequence), sitting meditation (focusing attention to one's breathing), and Hatha yoga postures (focusing attention to different body sensations during gentle stretching). Participants also are taught how to practice mindfulness while engaging in ordinary activities including walking, standing, and eating. MBSR consists of 8, two-hour weekly sessions and will be delivered in group format. MBSR groups will be delivered virtually.
|
Trauma Recovery Education Class
n=26 participants at risk
Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
Trauma Recovery Education Class: Trauma Recovery Education Class (TREC): TREC is a group based treatment that focuses on providing information on PTSD and traumatic reactions. TREC provides psycho-education to Veterans on PTSD, including common reactions to trauma and the role of avoidance, common problems associated with PTSD, as well as common barriers to care (e.g., stigma, maladaptive beliefs, fear). Additional content focuses on problem identification and goal setting, discussion of current problems and life issues, and treatment planning. TREC consists of 8, one-hour weekly sessions. TREC groups will be delivered virtually.
|
|---|---|---|
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Psychiatric disorders
Self-injury
|
2.9%
1/35 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data were collected from the time of study entry until the end of study participation, approximately 8 months.
|
3.8%
1/26 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data were collected from the time of study entry until the end of study participation, approximately 8 months.
|
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
COVID-19
|
2.9%
1/35 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data were collected from the time of study entry until the end of study participation, approximately 8 months.
|
0.00%
0/26 • Adverse event data were collected from the time of study entry until the end of study participation, approximately 8 months.
|
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Lorig Kachadourian
VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Phone: 203-932-5711
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place