Vascular Aging in Flight Attendants With Occupational Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Summary

Specific Aim 1. Characterize the long-term effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) on vascular health in pre-ban flight attendants (FAs). Investigators will measure arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperemia index) in the pre-ban FA cases, and compare to the cardiovascular risk-factor matched Framingham controls.

It is hypothesized that pre-ban FA cases have increased arterial stiffness (higher pulse wave velocity and higher augmentation index) and increased endothelial dysfunction (lower reactive hyperemia index) compared to Framingham controls.

Specific Aim 2. Determine the extent in which remote pre-ban SHS exposure (hours) is associated with increased arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction.

Investigators hypothesize that pre-ban SHS exposure is positively associated with both increased arterial stiffness and increased endothelial dysfunction.

Specific Aim 3. Investigators will calculate the cardiovascular risk scores (Framingham, Reynolds, and ASCVD) by using subjects' age, blood pressure, family history, lipid panel, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Investigators will explore the association of the risk scores with measures of vascular aging (arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction). These scores do not include SHS exposure. Investigators will also test the additive value of SHS exposure in increasing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction using the risk scores as an adjustment value.

It is hypothesized that the cardiovascular risk scores are associated with vascular aging (arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction), and that the association between SHS exposure and vascular aging remains significant after adjusting for the cardiovascular risk scores.

The significance of this proposal and impact will be (1) mechanistic insights into how remote SHS exposure leads to hypertension and vascular stiffness, (2) increased understanding of how SHS exposure can increase risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the number one cause of death in the United States.

Conditions

• Vascular Aging
• Secondhand Smoking

Interventions

PROCEDURE

Spirometry

Test is done to assess how well the lungs work by measuring how much air is inhaled, how much is exhaled, and how quickly it is exhaled.

PROCEDURE

Pulse Wave Analysis

It is a non-invasive assessment of the pulse character

PROCEDURE

Peripheral arterial tonometry

It is a non-invasive method to measure endothelial dysfunction.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of California, San Francisco

  collaborator OTHER

• Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• C.Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC · Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Eligibility

Min Age

40 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2016-02-29

Primary Completion

2021-08-31

Completion

2021-08-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations