Trial Outcomes & Findings for Natreon Healthy Skin Study - PrimaVie Supplement (NCT NCT02762032)

Study protocols and materials were approved by the Western Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent was collected from all subjects before participation. Female subjects aged between 30 and 65 were included in the study. Supplement randomization was done at study visit 1 and distribution of the supplements were done at each study visit.

Subjects using medications for cardiovascular disease-related disorders (hydrochlororthiazide, aspirin, steroids, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins) were excluded from the study. Pregnant females and individuals being treatment for being immunocompromised were also not included.

Natreon Healthy Skin Study - PrimaVie Supplement

To see the improvement in noninvasive skin assessment of objective measurements such as skin microperfusion (laser speckle contrast imaging) (scale Pu). An increase in PU means improved perfusion of the skin.

To see the improvement in noninvasive skin assessment of objective measurements such as skin hydration using the DermaLab Combo Series (unit of micro-Siemens uS), which are arbitrary. An increase in uS means improved skin hydration and improved skin barrier function.

To see the improvement in noninvasive skin assessment of objective measurements such as skin elasticity using the DermaLab Combo Series (mega Pascal mPa). An increase in mPA means worsening of skin elasticity.

To see the improvement in noninvasive skin assessment of objective measurements such as barrier function using Trans-Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) using the DermaLab Combo Series (g/m2/h). An increase in these units indicates a worsening of TEWL, and reduction of the barrier function of the skin.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80 AU. The gene of interest examined here is ITGA5 - Integrin Subunit Alpha 5. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of the ITGA5 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80 AU. The gene of interest examined here is JAM3- Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of the JAM3 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is LGALS1 - Galectin 1. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of LGALS1- Galectin 1 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is LOX- Lysyl Oxidase. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of LOX- Lysyl Oxidase are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is MMP2- Matrix Metallopeptidase 2. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of MMP2- Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is PDGFRB- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of PDGFRB- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta may be associated with better blood flow in tissue. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is PRKG1- Protein Kinase, cGMP-Dependent, Type I. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of PRKG1- Protein Kinase, cGMP-Dependent, Type I may be associated with better blood flow in tissue. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is SERPINE1- Serpin Family E Member 1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, PAI-1). Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of SERPINE1- Serpin Family E Member 1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, PAI-1) may be associated with better blood flow in tissue. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is SPARC- Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of SPARC- Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich may be associated with better blood flow in tissue. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is THBS2- Thrombospondin 2. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of THBS2- Thrombospondin 2 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is TIMP1 - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of TIMP1 - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is TIMP2 - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of TIMP2 - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The gene of interest examined here is TNN- Tenascin N. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of TNN- Tenascin N are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The gene of interest examined here is RECK - Reversion-Inducing Cysteine-Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of RECK - Reversion-Inducing Cysteine-Rich Protein with Kazal Motifsare predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is COL1A1 - Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of COL1A1 - Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is COL5A2 - Collagen Type V Alpha 2 Chain. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of COL5A2 - Collagen Type V Alpha 2 Chain are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.

We selected 17 genes of interest, and examined the difference in their expression in each interventional arm, compared to the placebo group. The results are listed in Arbitrary Units (AU), with each AU indicating an relative increase or decrease in gene expression compared to the control (reference comparator). The range is 0.0 to 80AU. The gene of interest examined here is COL14A1 - Collagen Type XIV Alpha 1 Chain. Gene expression values cannot be directly interpreted as indicative of better or worse outcomes. However, based on the literature review, higher expression levels of COL14A1 - Collagen Type XIV Alpha 1 Chain are predicted to be associated with improved outcomes related to extracellular matrix production. For Genechip analysis, the differentially expressed genes were identified using a two-class t test where significance level was set at p \< 0.05 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate.