Trial Outcomes & Findings for Dietary Acid Load, Kidney Function and Disability in Elderly (NCT NCT02691663)

NCT ID: NCT02691663

Last Updated: 2023-09-25

Results Overview

measurement taken from a blood sample; measures how much carbon dioxide is in your blood; a normal result is between 23 and 29 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) for adults

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

196 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

baseline

Results posted on

2023-09-25

Participant Flow

196 subjects signed consent; all except 83 were screen failures; 83 subjects were randomized

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Overall Study
STARTED
41
42
Overall Study
COMPLETED
33
35
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
8
7

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Overall Study
Screen failure after baseline
2
2
Overall Study
withdrawn after Follow up 1 visit
2
2
Overall Study
Withdrawn after Follow up 2
1
1
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
3
2

Baseline Characteristics

Dietary Acid Load, Kidney Function and Disability in Elderly

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Total
n=83 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
73.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 • n=99 Participants
72.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=107 Participants
72.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.7 • n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
24 Participants
n=99 Participants
25 Participants
n=107 Participants
49 Participants
n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
17 Participants
n=99 Participants
17 Participants
n=107 Participants
34 Participants
n=206 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
40 Participants
n=99 Participants
41 Participants
n=107 Participants
81 Participants
n=206 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
5 Participants
n=107 Participants
10 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
36 Participants
n=99 Participants
37 Participants
n=107 Participants
73 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: PI is reporting blood bicarbonate from blood gas measurement as a surrogate of NEA because a percentage of NEA samples could not be accurately measured due to technical issues.

measurement taken from a blood sample; measures how much carbon dioxide is in your blood; a normal result is between 23 and 29 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) for adults

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Blood Bicarbonate
22.8 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 2.3
23.2 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 2.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: PI is reporting blood bicarbonate from blood gas measurement as a surrogate of NEA because a percentage of NEA samples could not be accurately measured due to technical issues.

measurement taken from a blood sample; measures how much carbon dioxide is in your blood; a normal result is between 23 and 29 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) for adults

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Blood Bicarbonate
23.8 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 2.3
23.3 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 2.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

The number of participants randomized divided by the number of participants screened. Count of participants reflects the number of participants randomized.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=196 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Percentage of Screened Participants Randomized
83 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post baseline

based on pill count

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=34 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=37 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Percent Adherence: Percentage of Pills Taken
90.5 percentage of pills
Standard Deviation 12.9
85.2 percentage of pills
Standard Deviation 21.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Blood test that measures the total dissolved Carbon dioxide in blood; expressed in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Carbon Dioxide Blood Test
35.4 mEq/L
Standard Deviation 3.6
36.5 mEq/L
Standard Deviation 4.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Blood test that measures the total dissolved Carbon dioxide in blood; expressed in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Carbon Dioxide Blood Test
36.9 mEq/L
Standard Deviation 3.9
37.0 mEq/L
Standard Deviation 3.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
400 Meter Walk Time
6.3 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.2
6.3 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: three months post baseline

Population: 1 bicarb Participant refused 400m walk at the 3-month visit.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=37 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
400 Meter Walk Time
6.3 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.0
6.5 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: 3 participants (2 bicarb and 1 placebo) refused 400m walk at the 6-month visit

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=31 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=34 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
400 Meter Walk Time
6.1 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.0
6.3 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: creatinine and MDRD equation

a measurement from a blood sample; shows how well kidneys are working According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), normal results range from 60 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal eGFR levels, because eGFR decreases with age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
65.4 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 13.1
66.9 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 15.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: three months post baseline

a measurement from a blood sample; shows how well kidneys are working According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), normal results range from 60 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal eGFR levels, because eGFR decreases with age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=34 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=37 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
66 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 15.3
63.9 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 15.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: creatinine and MDRD equation

a measurement from a blood sample; shows how well kidneys are working According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), normal results range from 60 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal eGFR levels, because eGFR decreases with age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
64.7 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 16.0
64.7 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 17.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: cystatin C and CKD Epi equation

a measurement from a blood sample; shows how well kidneys are working According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), normal results range from 60 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal eGFR levels, because eGFR decreases with age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Measurement of Kidney Function (eGFR) at Baseline.
81.3 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 19.1
81.3 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 21.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: cystatin C and CKD Epi equation

a measurement from a blood sample; shows how well kidneys are working According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), normal results range from 60 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal eGFR levels, because eGFR decreases with age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) - Measurement of Kidney Function After 6 Months Post Baseline
80.1 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 20.3
81.0 mL/min/1.73m^2
Standard Deviation 20.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: No baseline dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were completed for 3 bicarb and 1 placebo participants.

Bone Mineral Density tests can identify osteoporosis, determine the risk for fractures (broken bones), and measure the response to osteoporosis treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=38 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=41 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Hip Bone Mineral Density
.94 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .15
.93 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: No 6-month DXA scans were completed for 1 bicarb and 3 placebo participants.

Bone Mineral Density tests can identify osteoporosis, determine the risk for fractures (broken bones), and measure the response to osteoporosis treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=32 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=32 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Hip Bone Mineral Density
.93 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .15
.91 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: No baseline DXA scans were completed for 3 bicarb and 1 placebo participants.

Bone Mineral Density tests can identify osteoporosis, determine the risk for fractures (broken bones), and measure the response to osteoporosis treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=38 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=41 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density
.76 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .13
.74 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: No 6-month DXA scans were completed for 1 bicarb and 3 placebo participants.

Bone Mineral Density tests can identify osteoporosis, determine the risk for fractures (broken bones), and measure the response to osteoporosis treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=32 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=32 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density
.74 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .13
.72 g/cm^3
Standard Deviation .14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: baseline BMI is missing for 4 participants (3 bicarb and 1 placebo) due to missing height measurement (height was only measured at the screening visit).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=38 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=41 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Average Body Mass Index (BMI)
27.6 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 5.3
28.1 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 4.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: three months post baseline

Population: 3-month BMI is missing for 4 participants (3 bicarb and 1 placebo) due to missing height measurement (height was only measured at the screening visit).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=31 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=36 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Average Body Mass Index (BMI)
26.6 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 4.4
28.3 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 4.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: 6-month BMI is missing for 4 participants (3 bicarb and 1 placebo) due to missing height measurement (height was only measured at the screening visit).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=30 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=34 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Average Body Mass Index (BMI)
26.3 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 4.4
28.1 kg/m^2
Standard Deviation 4.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Population: baseline ACR is missing for 7 participants (3 bicarb and 4 placebo).

The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is the first method of preference to detect elevated protein, measuring urinary ACR in a spot urine sample. ACR is calculated by dividing albumin concentration in milligrams by creatinine concentration in grams.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=38 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=38 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
25.1 mg/g
Standard Deviation 23.2
53.8 mg/g
Standard Deviation 139.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: three months post baseline

Population: 3-month ACR is missing for 10 participants (5 bicarb and 5 placebo).

The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is the first method of preference to detect elevated protein, measuring urinary ACR in a spot urine sample. ACR is calculated by dividing albumin concentration in milligrams by creatinine concentration in grams.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=29 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=32 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
33.9 mg/g
Standard Deviation 40.3
52.8 mg/g
Standard Deviation 126.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: six months post baseline

Population: 6-month ACR is missing for 5 participants (0 bicarb and 5 placebo).

The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is the first method of preference to detect elevated protein, measuring urinary ACR in a spot urine sample. ACR is calculated by dividing albumin concentration in milligrams by creatinine concentration in grams.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=30 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
45.1 mg/g
Standard Deviation 119.8
80.4 mg/g
Standard Deviation 254.7

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post randomization

Population: 6 month data missing for one subject in bicarbonate (bicarb) arm

(mEq/day) by the kidney

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=32 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)
75.0 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 37.6
73.8 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 39.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post randomization

mEq/day by the kidney

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=34 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=37 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)
79.4 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 33.2
75.3 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 38.7

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

mEq/day by the kidney

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=33 Participants
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=35 Participants
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)
79.3 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 29.7
72.1 mEq/day
Standard Deviation 23.4

Adverse Events

Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo Group

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 participants at risk
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 participants at risk
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Cardiac disorders
Atrial fibrillation
2.4%
1/41 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
0.00%
0/42 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Nervous system disorders
Transient Ischemic Attack
0.00%
0/41 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Oral Bicarbonate Supplementation Group
n=41 participants at risk
0.3 meq/kg/day NaHCO3 capsules Oral bicarbonate supplementation
Placebo Group
n=42 participants at risk
Methylcellulose capsules Placebo
Gastrointestinal disorders
indigestion
2.4%
1/41 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
4.8%
2/42 • Number of events 2 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Cardiac disorders
Elevated Blood Pressure
0.00%
0/41 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
4.9%
2/41 • Number of events 2 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
0.00%
0/42 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Nervous system disorders
Headache
2.4%
1/41 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
0.00%
0/42 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Cardiac disorders
edema
4.9%
2/41 • Number of events 2 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Cardiac disorders
atrial fibrillation
0.00%
0/41 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Gastrointestinal disorders
diarrhea
2.4%
1/41 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Upper Respiratory Infection
2.4%
1/41 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
0.00%
0/42 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
0.00%
0/41 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Broken fifth toe right side
0.00%
0/41 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.
2.4%
1/42 • Number of events 1 • Adverse events were collected after subjects signed consent until the end of subject participation over a period of 6 months.

Additional Information

Snezana Petrovic, MD, PhD, FASN

Campbell University

Phone: (910) 893-1751

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place