Trial Outcomes & Findings for Alcohol Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in a Military Treatment Facility (NCT NCT02228967)
NCT ID: NCT02228967
Last Updated: 2020-09-09
Results Overview
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
COMPLETED
NA
791 participants
Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)
2020-09-09
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Usual Care
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
403
|
388
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
244
|
228
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
159
|
160
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Usual Care
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
146
|
142
|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
13
|
18
|
Baseline Characteristics
Alcohol Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in a Military Treatment Facility
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=403 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=388 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
Total
n=791 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
26.4 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=99 Participants
|
26.3 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.7 • n=107 Participants
|
26.3 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
103 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
108 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
211 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
300 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
280 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
580 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic/Latino
|
85 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
64 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
149 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African-American
|
74 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
71 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
145 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
|
215 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
214 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
429 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
|
10 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
American Indian/Alaskan Native
|
4 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
|
15 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
403 participants
n=99 Participants
|
388 participants
n=107 Participants
|
791 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Self-Reported PTSD Diagnosis
Yes
|
16 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Self-Reported PTSD Diagnosis
No
|
387 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
367 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
754 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Marital Status
Single
|
203 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
185 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
388 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Marital Status
Married/Co-habitating
|
161 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
173 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
334 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Marital Status
Divorced/Separated/Widowed
|
39 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
69 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Education Level
High School Graduate/GED
|
169 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
149 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
318 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Education Level
Some College
|
123 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
128 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
251 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Education Level
2-Year College Degree (AA)
|
52 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
95 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Education Level
4-Year Degree (BA/BS)
|
46 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
96 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Education Level
Graduate Degree
|
13 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Service Branch
Navy
|
336 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
320 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
656 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Service Branch
Marine Corps
|
57 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
111 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Service Branch
Army/Air Force/Coast Guard
|
9 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Service Branch
Missing
|
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Number of Combat Deployments (past 5-years)
None
|
211 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
214 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
425 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Number of Combat Deployments (past 5-years)
1-2
|
173 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
148 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
321 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Number of Combat Deployments (past 5-years)
3 or more
|
19 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Number of Combat Deployments (past 5-years)
Missing
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Score
|
7.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=99 Participants
|
8.0 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1 • n=107 Participants
|
7.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Readiness to Change Drinking
|
1.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.17 • n=99 Participants
|
1.96 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.15 • n=107 Participants
|
1.96 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.16 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES)
|
76.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.3 • n=99 Participants
|
78 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15 • n=107 Participants
|
77.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.2 • n=206 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Excludes low-risk participants defined as AUDIT \<=7 at baseline. A total of 17 participants were excluded from the analysis.
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=240 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=215 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Total
|
5.91 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.26
|
5.5 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.27
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Excludes low-risk participants defined as AUDIT \<=7 at baseline. A total of 17 participants were excluded from the analysis.
The drinkers index consists of a summary of the first three AUDIT items which represents a combination of quantity, usual frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking. The AUDIT-C can range from 0 to 12 with 12 representing higher levels of drinking quantity and frequency.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=240 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=215 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
AUDIT-C or Drinkers Index
|
4.41 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.14
|
4.05 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.15
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Excludes low-risk participants defined as AUDIT \<=7 at baseline. A total of 17 participants were excluded from the analysis.
The 20-item Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), is a reliable, valid, easy-to-administer scale that assesses confidence to reduce overall consumption and frequency of drinking. Items range from 0% to 100% with 100% indicating more confidence to engage in controlled drinking. The CDSES was administered at both baseline and follow-up to assess changes in this presumed mediating attitude.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=240 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=215 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES)
|
78.42 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.01
|
81.67 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.07
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Excludes low-risk participants defined as AUDIT \<=7 at baseline. A total of 17 participants were excluded from the analysis as they were low-risk at baseline. Additionally, missing data on the Readiness to Change measure resulted in a total of 444 participants for this analysis. Six were missing from usual care and five were missing from SBIRT.
A readiness to change alcohol use measure (ranging from 1 - not ready to change, to 4 - very ready) was assessed at baseline and follow-up for all participants. Because motivation and readiness to change are hallmark elements of the SBIRT approach and are thought to be integral to behavior change, these constructs will be measured to assess the degree to which they change in the two groups. Some individuals may not abstain or reduce their use over time, but there may be an improvement in their readiness to change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=234 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=210 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Readiness to Change Scale
|
2.23 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.08
|
2.19 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.09
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: For this study, at-risk drinking was defined as: AUDIT total \>=8, under 21 drinker, any past year heavy episodic drinking (HED). Excludes at-risk participants defined as any amount of HED (AUDIT Question 3 \> 0) or under 21 drinker at baseline. A total of 281 participants were excluded from this analysis (N = 190)
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=100 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=90 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Total (Analysis II)
|
8.2 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.47
|
7.31 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.34
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: For this study, at-risk drinking was defined as: AUDIT total \>=8, under 21 drinker, any past year heavy episodic drinking (HED). Excludes at-risk participants defined as any amount of HED (AUDIT Question 3 \> 0) or under 21 drinker at baseline. A total of 281 participants were excluded from this analysis (N = 190)
The drinkers index consists of a summary of the first three AUDIT items which represents a combination of quantity, usual frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking. The AUDIT-C can range from 0 to 12 with 12 representing higher levels of drinking quantity and frequency.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=100 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=90 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
AUDIT-C or Drinkers Index (Analysis II)
|
5.42 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.24
|
4.63 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.25
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: For this study, at-risk drinking was defined as: AUDIT total \>=8, under 21 drinker, any past year heavy episodic drinking (HED). Excludes at-risk participants defined as any amount of HED (AUDIT Question 3 \> 0) or under 21 drinker at baseline. A total of 281 participants were excluded from this analysis (N = 190)
The 20-item Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), is a reliable, valid, easy-to-administer scale that assesses confidence to reduce overall consumption and frequency of drinking. Items range from 0% to 100% with 100% indicating more confidence to engage in controlled drinking. The CDSES was administered at both baseline and follow-up to assess changes in this presumed mediating attitude.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=100 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=89 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) (Analysis II)
|
70.45 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.55
|
79.34 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.65
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: For this study, at-risk drinking was defined as: AUDIT total \>=8, under 21 drinker, any past year heavy episodic drinking (HED). Excludes at-risk participants defined as any amount of HED (AUDIT Question 3 \> 0) or under 21 drinker at baseline. A total of 281 participants were excluded from this analysis (N = 190)
A readiness to change alcohol use measure (ranging from 1 - not ready to change, to 4 - very ready) was assessed at baseline and follow-up for all participants. Because motivation and readiness to change are hallmark elements of the SBIRT approach and are thought to be integral to behavior change, these constructs will be measured to assess the degree to which they change in the two groups. Some individuals may not abstain or reduce their use over time, but there may be an improvement in their readiness to change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=98 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=89 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Readiness to Change Scale (Analysis II)
|
2.29 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.13
|
2.46 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.14
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Complete case analysis
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=244 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=227 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Total (Analysis III--complete Cases)
|
5.87 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.25
|
5.48 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.26
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Complete case analysis
The drinkers index consists of a summary of the first three AUDIT items which represents a combination of quantity, usual frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking. The AUDIT-C can range from 0 to 12 with 12 representing higher levels of drinking quantity and frequency.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=244 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=227 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
AUDIT-C or Drinkers Index (Analysis III Complete Cases)
|
4.4 units on a scale
Standard Error .14
|
4.05 units on a scale
Standard Error .15
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Complete case analysis
The 20-item Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), is a reliable, valid, easy-to-administer scale that assesses confidence to reduce overall consumption and frequency of drinking. Items range from 0% to 100% with 100% indicating more confidence to engage in controlled drinking. The CDSES was administered at both baseline and follow-up to assess changes in this presumed mediating attitude.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=244 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=227 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) (Analysis III Complete Cases)
|
78.66 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.0
|
81.82 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.04
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Complete case analysis
A readiness to change alcohol use measure (ranging from 1 - not ready to change, to 4 - very ready) was assessed at baseline and follow-up for all participants. Because motivation and readiness to change are hallmark elements of the SBIRT approach and are thought to be integral to behavior change, these constructs will be measured to assess the degree to which they change in the two groups. Some individuals may not abstain or reduce their use over time, but there may be an improvement in their readiness to change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=238 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=221 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Readiness to Change Scale (Analysis III Complete Cases)
|
2.21 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.08
|
2.20 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.09
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; include all participants allocated to a condition at baseline (n = 791)
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=403 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=388 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Total (Analysis IV--Multiple Imputation and Intention to Treat Analysis)
|
4.47 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.16
|
4.15 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.13
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; include all participants allocated to a condition at baseline (n = 791)
The drinkers index consists of a summary of the first three AUDIT items which represents a combination of quantity, usual frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking. The AUDIT-C can range from 0 to 12 with 12 representing higher levels of drinking quantity and frequency.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=403 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=388 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
AUDIT-C or Drinkers Index (Analysis IV--Intent to Treat Analyses)
|
5.95 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.21
|
5.62 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.23
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; include all participants allocated to a condition at baseline (n = 791)
The 20-item Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), is a reliable, valid, easy-to-administer scale that assesses confidence to reduce overall consumption and frequency of drinking. Items range from 0% to 100% with 100% indicating more confidence to engage in controlled drinking. The CDSES was administered at both baseline and follow-up to assess changes in this presumed mediating attitude.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=403 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=388 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) (Analysis IV--Intent to Treat Analyses)
|
78.42 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.85
|
81.30 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.05
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)A readiness to change alcohol use measure (ranging from 1 - not ready to change, to 4 - very ready) was assessed at baseline and follow-up for all participants. Because motivation and readiness to change are hallmark elements of the SBIRT approach and are thought to be integral to behavior change, these constructs will be measured to assess the degree to which they change in the two groups. Some individuals may not abstain or reduce their use over time, but there may be an improvement in their readiness to change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=403 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=388 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Readiness to Change Scale (Analysis IV--Multiple Imputation and Intention to Treat Analysis)
|
2.22 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.07
|
2.16 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.07
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; includes participants scoring 8 or greater on the AUDIT at baseline.
The primary outcome measure will come from the participant's total score on the AUDIT. Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40 with higher numbers indicating greater problematic alcohol use. Mean AUDIT scores at follow-up will be compared between arms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=166 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=161 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Total (Analysis V--Multiple Imputation and Intention to Treat Analysis)
|
5.38 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.25
|
4.85 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.20
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; includes participants scoring 8 or greater on the AUDIT at baseline.
The drinkers index consists of a summary of the first three AUDIT items which represents a combination of quantity, usual frequency, and frequency of heavy drinking. The AUDIT-C can range from 0 to 12 with 12 representing higher levels of drinking quantity and frequency.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=166 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=161 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
AUDIT-C or Drinkers Index (Analysis V--Intent to Treat Analyses)
|
8.09 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.39
|
7.64 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.38
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; includes participants scoring 8 or greater on the AUDIT at baseline.
The 20-item Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), is a reliable, valid, easy-to-administer scale that assesses confidence to reduce overall consumption and frequency of drinking. Items range from 0% to 100% with 100% indicating more confidence to engage in controlled drinking. The CDSES was administered at both baseline and follow-up to assess changes in this presumed mediating attitude.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=166 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=161 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) (Analysis V--Intent to Treat Analyses)
|
72.18 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.38
|
77.84 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.55
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Follow-up (Up to 7 months)Population: Intent to treat analysis using multiple imputation; includes participants scoring 8 or greater on the AUDIT at baseline.
A readiness to change alcohol use measure (ranging from 1 - not ready to change, to 4 - very ready) was assessed at baseline and follow-up for all participants. Because motivation and readiness to change are hallmark elements of the SBIRT approach and are thought to be integral to behavior change, these constructs will be measured to assess the degree to which they change in the two groups. Some individuals may not abstain or reduce their use over time, but there may be an improvement in their readiness to change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Usual Care
n=166 Participants
Those participants assigned to the usual care control group will be given a brochure on safe drinking limits, will be reminded of the 6-month follow-up, and thanked for their time.
|
SBIRT
n=161 Participants
Those assigned to the SBIRT intervention group will receive 1 of 3 tracks:
1. Brief Intervention (BI) for At Risk Individuals (scores lower than 15) - Brief motivational intervention with feedback related to their use and change strategies.
2. Brief Treatment (BT) for High Risk Individuals (scores of 16-19) - Brief Intervention on site and be offered 6 individual confidential sessions with a civilian Brief Treatment Counselor over the phone.
3. Referral to Treatment (RT) for Severe Risk Individuals (scores of 20-40) - Brief Intervention on site and will be given a list of services where they may self-refer for further assessment and support.
SBIRT: SBIRT is an "opportunistic" approach whereby patients are screened by Health Educators for their alcohol use, and then, taking advantage of a "teachable moment," are delivered a brief, motivational intervention matched to their level of risk.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Readiness to Change Scale (Analysis V--Multiple Imputation and Intention to Treat Analysis)
|
2.33 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.10
|
2.35 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.12
|
Adverse Events
Usual Care
SBIRT
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Mark B. Reed/Professor and Interim Associate Dean
San Diego State University Research Foundation
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place