Trial Outcomes & Findings for Evaluation of a Health Plan Initiative to Mitigate Chronic Opioid Therapy Risks (NCT NCT02224508)

NCT ID: NCT02224508

Last Updated: 2017-11-13

Results Overview

Proportion with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder, which is defined by multiple indicators of opioid abuse and addiction from 9 criteria in the DSM5 manual of the American Psychiatric Association. In this research, it will be assessed using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM5, Columbia University). Estimates were weighted to account for non-response, with weights based on baseline patient characteristics assessed with electronic health care data available for all chronic opioid therapy patients sampled for the survey. The number analyzed differs from the Participant Flow module due to persons with missing item data who were dropped from this analysis. The numbers with missing items were deemed too few to justify item imputation.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

1588 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

1 year prior to interview

Results posted on

2017-11-13

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative
Opioid risk reduction initiative for chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health integrated group practice clinics.
Usual Care
Usual care for management of chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health network care settings.
Overall Study
STARTED
935
653
Overall Study
COMPLETED
935
653
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Evaluation of a Health Plan Initiative to Mitigate Chronic Opioid Therapy Risks

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative
n=935 Participants
Opioid risk reduction initiatives (dose reduction and then risk stratification and monitoring) for chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health integrated group practice clinics.
Usual Care
n=653 Participants
Usual care for management of chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health network care settings.
Total
n=1588 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
507 Participants
n=99 Participants
415 Participants
n=107 Participants
922 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
428 Participants
n=99 Participants
238 Participants
n=107 Participants
666 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Continuous
62.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=99 Participants
61.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=107 Participants
62.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
589 Participants
n=99 Participants
420 Participants
n=107 Participants
1009 Participants
n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
346 Participants
n=99 Participants
233 Participants
n=107 Participants
579 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Caucasian
804 Participants
n=99 Participants
576 Participants
n=107 Participants
1380 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African American
19 Participants
n=99 Participants
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
22 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian/Pacific Islander
11 Participants
n=99 Participants
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
15 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Native American
7 Participants
n=99 Participants
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
10 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Multiple or other
83 Participants
n=99 Participants
54 Participants
n=107 Participants
137 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Missing
11 Participants
n=99 Participants
13 Participants
n=107 Participants
24 Participants
n=206 Participants
Education
High school graduate or less
243 Participants
n=99 Participants
203 Participants
n=107 Participants
446 Participants
n=206 Participants
Education
Some college or technical school
436 Participants
n=99 Participants
296 Participants
n=107 Participants
732 Participants
n=206 Participants
Education
College graduate or post-college graduate
255 Participants
n=99 Participants
152 Participants
n=107 Participants
407 Participants
n=206 Participants
Education
Missing
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
Mental disorder diagnosis past 36 months
No
312 Participants
n=99 Participants
230 Participants
n=107 Participants
542 Participants
n=206 Participants
Mental disorder diagnosis past 36 months
Yes
623 Participants
n=99 Participants
423 Participants
n=107 Participants
1046 Participants
n=206 Participants
Alcohol use disorder, past 36 months
No
885 Participants
n=99 Participants
621 Participants
n=107 Participants
1506 Participants
n=206 Participants
Alcohol use disorder, past 36 months
Yes
50 Participants
n=99 Participants
32 Participants
n=107 Participants
82 Participants
n=206 Participants
Non-opioid drug use disorder diagnosis past 36 months
No
846 Participants
n=99 Participants
619 Participants
n=107 Participants
1465 Participants
n=206 Participants
Non-opioid drug use disorder diagnosis past 36 months
Yes
89 Participants
n=99 Participants
34 Participants
n=107 Participants
123 Participants
n=206 Participants
Opioid drug use disorder diagnosis, past 36 months
No
834 Participants
n=99 Participants
577 Participants
n=107 Participants
1411 Participants
n=206 Participants
Opioid drug use disorder diagnosis, past 36 months
Yes
101 Participants
n=99 Participants
76 Participants
n=107 Participants
177 Participants
n=206 Participants
Tobacco use disorder diagnosis, past 36 months
No
711 Participants
n=99 Participants
502 Participants
n=107 Participants
1213 Participants
n=206 Participants
Tobacco use disorder diagnosis, past 36 months
Yes
224 Participants
n=99 Participants
151 Participants
n=107 Participants
375 Participants
n=206 Participants
Location in Washington State
Eastern Washington
242 Participants
n=99 Participants
295 Participants
n=107 Participants
537 Participants
n=206 Participants
Location in Washington State
Western Washington
693 Participants
n=99 Participants
358 Participants
n=107 Participants
1051 Participants
n=206 Participants
Marital status
Not married
318 Participants
n=99 Participants
214 Participants
n=107 Participants
532 Participants
n=206 Participants
Marital status
Married
615 Participants
n=99 Participants
438 Participants
n=107 Participants
1053 Participants
n=206 Participants
Marital status
Missing
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Score (past 12 months)
0
426 Participants
n=99 Participants
307 Participants
n=107 Participants
733 Participants
n=206 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Score (past 12 months)
1
75 Participants
n=99 Participants
73 Participants
n=107 Participants
148 Participants
n=206 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Score (past 12 months)
2
144 Participants
n=99 Participants
107 Participants
n=107 Participants
251 Participants
n=206 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Score (past 12 months)
3-5
195 Participants
n=99 Participants
127 Participants
n=107 Participants
322 Participants
n=206 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Score (past 12 months)
6 or greater
95 Participants
n=99 Participants
39 Participants
n=107 Participants
134 Participants
n=206 Participants
Hepatitis C or cirrhosis diagnosis
No
851 Participants
n=99 Participants
607 Participants
n=107 Participants
1458 Participants
n=206 Participants
Hepatitis C or cirrhosis diagnosis
Yes
84 Participants
n=99 Participants
46 Participants
n=107 Participants
130 Participants
n=206 Participants
Received excess days supply of 20% or greater in any of past 4 quarters
No
734 Participants
n=99 Participants
493 Participants
n=107 Participants
1227 Participants
n=206 Participants
Received excess days supply of 20% or greater in any of past 4 quarters
Yes
201 Participants
n=99 Participants
160 Participants
n=107 Participants
361 Participants
n=206 Participants
Average daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents
No opioid use
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
Average daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents
Less than 15 milligrams
232 Participants
n=99 Participants
94 Participants
n=107 Participants
326 Participants
n=206 Participants
Average daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents
15 to less than 50 milligrams
432 Participants
n=99 Participants
296 Participants
n=107 Participants
728 Participants
n=206 Participants
Average daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents
50 to less than 120 milligrams
199 Participants
n=99 Participants
150 Participants
n=107 Participants
349 Participants
n=206 Participants
Average daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents
120 milligrams or greater
72 Participants
n=99 Participants
111 Participants
n=107 Participants
183 Participants
n=206 Participants
Continuously enrolled in health plan for past 24 months
No
48 Participants
n=99 Participants
98 Participants
n=107 Participants
146 Participants
n=206 Participants
Continuously enrolled in health plan for past 24 months
Yes
887 Participants
n=99 Participants
555 Participants
n=107 Participants
1442 Participants
n=206 Participants
Employment status
Employed full time/part time
314 Participants
n=99 Participants
223 Participants
n=107 Participants
537 Participants
n=206 Participants
Employment status
Disabled
182 Participants
n=99 Participants
170 Participants
n=107 Participants
352 Participants
n=206 Participants
Employment status
Retired
410 Participants
n=99 Participants
245 Participants
n=107 Participants
655 Participants
n=206 Participants
Employment status
Other
28 Participants
n=99 Participants
15 Participants
n=107 Participants
43 Participants
n=206 Participants
Employment status
Missing
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
1 Participants
n=206 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 year prior to interview

Population: Prevalent chronic opioid therapy (COT) patients defined as having received at least 70 days supply of opioids in the 90 days prior to sample selection, at least 70 days supply of opioids in at least one of the 3 other quarters in the preceding year, and at least 45 days supply of opioids in the other two quarters.

Proportion with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder, which is defined by multiple indicators of opioid abuse and addiction from 9 criteria in the DSM5 manual of the American Psychiatric Association. In this research, it will be assessed using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM5, Columbia University). Estimates were weighted to account for non-response, with weights based on baseline patient characteristics assessed with electronic health care data available for all chronic opioid therapy patients sampled for the survey. The number analyzed differs from the Participant Flow module due to persons with missing item data who were dropped from this analysis. The numbers with missing items were deemed too few to justify item imputation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative
n=934 Participants
Opioid risk reduction initiatives (dose reduction and then risk stratification and monitoring) for chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health integrated group practice clinics.
Usual Care
n=652 Participants
Usual care for management of chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health network care settings.
Proportion With Prescription Opioid Use Disorder (Defined by DSM5 Criteria).
0.215 proportion of COT patients
Interval 0.189 to 0.244
0.239 proportion of COT patients
Interval 0.205 to 0.276

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 week prior to interview

PEG (Pain - Enjoyment - Interference with General Activities) pain scale consisting of the average of 3 0-10 ratings of pain intensity, interference with activities due to pain, and reduced enjoyment of life due to pain. Estimates were weighted to account for non-response, with weights based on baseline patient characteristics assessed with electronic health care data available for all chronic opioid therapy patients sampled for the survey. The PEG score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating greater pain severity. The number analyzed differs from the Participant Flow module due to persons with missing item data who were dropped from this analysis. The numbers with missing items were deemed too few to justify item imputation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative
n=929 Participants
Opioid risk reduction initiatives (dose reduction and then risk stratification and monitoring) for chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health integrated group practice clinics.
Usual Care
n=647 Participants
Usual care for management of chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health network care settings.
Pain Severity (Intensity, Interference With Activities, Enjoyment): PEG Scale
5.79 units on a scale
Interval 5.65 to 5.93
5.82 units on a scale
Interval 5.65 to 5.99

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks prior to interview

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression scale. The PHQ-8 is estimated by summing the 8 scale items. The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity. Estimates were weighted to account for non-response, with weights based on baseline patient characteristics assessed with electronic health care data available for all chronic opioid therapy patients sampled for the survey. The number analyzed differs from the Participant Flow module due to persons with missing item data who were dropped from this analysis. The numbers with missing items were deemed too few to justify item imputation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative
n=932 Participants
Opioid risk reduction initiatives (dose reduction and then risk stratification and monitoring) for chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health integrated group practice clinics.
Usual Care
n=652 Participants
Usual care for management of chronic opioid therapy patients implemented in Group Health network care settings.
Depressive Symptoms
7.39 units on a scale
Interval 7.04 to 7.74
7.91 units on a scale
Interval 7.45 to 8.37

Adverse Events

Opioid Risk Reduction Initiative

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Usual Care

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Michael Von Korff, ScD

Group Health Research Institute

Phone: 206-287-2874

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place