Trial Outcomes & Findings for Famine From Feast: Linking Vitamin C, Red Blood Cell Fragility, and Diabetes (NCT NCT02107976)

There were missing height or weight data such that BMI calculations are missing for 6 participants

Difference in mean AUC for RBC deformability half maximal shear stress (SS0.5) from baseline to the 8-week follow-up visit, using controlled hyperglycemia conditions (glucose 200-400 mg/dL). The insulin regimen will be withheld to produce controlled hyperglycemia \< 400 mg/dl. Subjects were provided a high carbohydrate diet (70-75% carbohydrate) on the day of hyperglycemia. During the hyperglycemic condition, blood samples will be drawn every one to two hours for RBC deformability measurements, between 7am and 10pm. AUC calculated from these serial measurements used the trapezoid rule and final measure are in units of Pa\*hr.

The elongation index (EI) measures the degree of red blood cell deformity (elongation). EI is calculated by (L-W)/(L+W), where L and W are the length and width of the diffraction pattern. EI values are automatically reported by the ektacytometry software, with lower values indicating worse RBC deformability at the corresponding shear stress. Difference in mean AUC for RBC deformability elongation indices (EI) from baseline to 8-week follow-up as assessed through serial serum samples taken every hour or two from 7am to 10pm. EI are unitless and are reported using arbitrary units (AU). AUC calculated from these serial measurements used the trapezoid rule and the final measure is in units of AU\*hr.

Difference in mean AUC for RBC deformability maximum elongation indices (EImax) from baseline to 8-week follow-up, while using controlled hyperglycemia conditions (glucose 200-400 mg/dL). The insulin regimen will be withheld to produce controlled hyperglycemia \< 400 mg/dl for a maximum of 9 hours. Subjects were provided a high carbohydrate diet (70-75% carbohydrate) on the day of hyperglycemia. During the 9 hour duration of the hyperglycemic condition, blood samples will be drawn every one to two hours for RBC deformability EImax. AUC calculated from these serial measurements used the trapezoid rule and final measures are in units of Pa\*hr.

Difference in mean AUC for RBC deformability maximum elongation indices (EImax) from baseline to 8-week follow-up, while maintaining euglycemic condition (premeal and fasting glucose \<140 mg/dl). When euglycemic conditions are achieved, an intravenous catheter will be inserted and euglycemic blood samples will be drawn every one to two hours, between 7am and 10pm, for RBC deformability EImax. AUC will be calculated from these serial measurements using the trapezoid method in units of Pa\*hr

For the first 24-48 hours, for participants with diabetes, insulin doses will be titrated to achieve and maintain euglycemia (premeal and fasting glucose \<140 mg/dl). When euglycemic conditions are achieved, an intravenous catheter will be inserted and euglycemic sampling initiated; blood samples will be drawn every one to two hours for RBC deformability measurements, from 7am to 10pm. AUC will be calculated from these serial measurements using the trapezoid method in units of Pa\*hr; the difference in mean AUC for RBC deformability half maximal shear stress (SS0.5) from baseline to the 8-week follow-up visit is reported.