Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effect of Black Tea on Vascular Function (NCT NCT01945970)

NCT ID: NCT01945970

Last Updated: 2017-03-22

Results Overview

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

30 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 8.

Results posted on

2017-03-22

Participant Flow

30 suitable subjects recruited from database

30 subjects randomised

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Black Tea - Positive Control - Placebo
Subjects treated in the order Black tea - wash out- Positive control - wash out - Placebo. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Black Tea - Placebo - Positive Control
Subjects treated in the order Black tea - wash out- Placebo control - wash out - Positive control. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Positive Control - Black Tea - Placebo
Subjects treated in the order Positive control - wash out - Black tea - wash out - Placebo. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Positive Control - Placebo - Black Tea
Subjects treated in the order Positive control - wash out - Placebo - wash out - Black tea. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Placebo- Positive Control - Black Tea
Subjects treated in the order Placebo - wash out - Positive control - wash out- Black tea. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Placebo - Black Tea - Positive Control
Subjects treated in the order Placebo - wash out - Black tea - wash out- Positive control. Treatments each lasted one week and were separated by a one week washout.
Overall Study
STARTED
5
5
5
5
5
5
Overall Study
COMPLETED
5
5
5
5
5
5
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Effect of Black Tea on Vascular Function

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Study Subjects
n=30 Participants
All six treatment orders combined
Age, Continuous
43 years
n=99 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
30 Participants
n=99 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Italy
30 Participants
n=99 Participants
Body mass index
25.0 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 • n=99 Participants
Systolic blood pressure
118 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 • n=99 Participants
Diastolic blood pressure
74 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=99 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 8.

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
4.24 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.57
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Black Tea
Day 8, 2 hours post consumption of test product
4.49 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.88
4.87 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 1

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
4.24 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.57
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute, Black Tea
Day 1, 2 hours post consumption of test product
4.50 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.89
4.13 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.91

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption day 1 to before consumption day 8.

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Chronic, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
4.24 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.57
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Chronic, Black Tea
Day 8, before consumption of test product
3.90 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.67
4.84 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.96

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 8

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
3.28 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.67
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Positive Control
Day 8, 2 hours post consumption of test product
4.21 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.54
4.87 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 1

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute, Positive Control
Day 1, pre-consumption of test product
3.28 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.67
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Acute, Positive Control
Day 1, 2 hours post consumption of test product
4.06 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.78
4.13 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.91

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption day 8

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Flow Mediated Dilation, Chronic, Positive Control
Day 1, pre-consumption of test product
3.28 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.67
4.48 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.92
Flow Mediated Dilation, Chronic, Positive Control
Day 8, pre-consumption of test product
4.20 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.65
4.84 percentage of flow mediated dilation
Standard Deviation 1.96

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption on day 8

Change in Systolic blood pressure

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Systolic Blood Pressure, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
111.7 mmHg
Standard Deviation 11.45
112.1 mmHg
Standard Deviation 10.75
Systolic Blood Pressure, Black Tea
Day 8, before consumption of test product
113.7 mmHg
Standard Deviation 11.84
111.8 mmHg
Standard Deviation 10.41

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption day 8

Change in Diastolic blood pressure

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Diastolic Blood Pressure Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
72.23 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.57
72.80 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.07
Diastolic Blood Pressure Black Tea
Day 8, before consumption of test product
71.77 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.20
72.27 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.38

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption (baseline) day 1 to before consumption day 8

Population: Intention to treat

Change in systolic blood pressure

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Systolic Blood Pressure, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
112.9 mmHg
Standard Deviation 12.90
112.1 mmHg
Standard Deviation 10.75
Systolic Blood Pressure, Positive Control
Day 8, before consumption of test product
112.3 mmHg
Standard Deviation 10.05
111.8 mmHg
Standard Deviation 10.41

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption day 8

Change in Diastolic Blood pressure

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Diastolic Blood Pressure, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
72.00 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.18
72.80 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.07
Diastolic Blood Pressure, Positive Control
Day 8, before consumption of test product
72.98 mmHg
Standard Deviation 7.28
72.27 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.38

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 8

Population: Intention to treat

FMD measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
9.55 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.81
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Black Tea
Day 8, 2 hours post consumption of test product
9.02 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.43
9.28 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 2.73

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption day 8

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Chronic, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
9.55 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.81
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Chronic, Black Tea
Day 8, before consumption of test product
9.86 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.58
10.51 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.16

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 1

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium-Independent Dilation, Acute, Black Tea
Day 1, before consumption of test product
9.55 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.81
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium-Independent Dilation, Acute, Black Tea
Day 1, 2 hours post consumption of test product
8.48 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.66
8.28 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.16

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 8

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
10.05 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.08
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute-upon-chronic, Positive Control
Day 8, 2 hours post consumption of test product
8.96 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.69
9.28 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 2.73

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to before consumption day 8

Population: Intention to treat

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Chronic, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
10.05 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.08
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Chronic, Positive Control
Day 8, before consumption of test product
9.41 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.98
10.51 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.16

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: From before consumption on day 1 to 2 hours post consumption on day 1

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement included the following steps: * 1 minute base scan to measure the baseline diameter of artery (Resting stage) * 5 minutes of forearm occlusion at 300±30 mmHg (cuff occlusion stage), just below the elbow 2-5 cm from antecubital crease) * 4 minutes FMD scan, which started immediately after release of occlusion (reactive hyperaemia stage) * When the artery had returned to baseline a second 1 minute scan was taken * 25 µg sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was given to the subject * 5 minutes GTN scan to assess the endothelium-independent dilation FMD and response to GTN was calculated as maximal percent increase in diameter above baseline (mean value of measures obtained during 1 minute before cuff inflation).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Black Tea Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participant when they received Back Tea
Placebo Beverage
n=30 Participants
Participants when the received Placebo
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute, Positive Control
Day 1, before consumption of test product
10.05 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 4.08
9.67 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.37
Endothelium Independent Dilation, Acute, Positive Control
Day 1, 2 hours post consumption of test product
8.74 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 2.95
8.28 percentage of vascular dilation
Standard Deviation 3.16

Adverse Events

Black Tea Extract

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Positive Control

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Black Tea Extract
n=30 participants at risk
Spray dried aqueous extract of a representative batch of black tea
Positive Control
n=30 participants at risk
Spray dried aqueous extract of a batch of tea extract that has shown to improve Flow Mediated Dilation previously
Placebo
n=30 participants at risk
Food grade colouring, artificial tea flavour and an amount of caffeine matched to the caffeine in the Black tea extract
Infections and infestations
Pyrexia
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
General disorders
Syncope
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
General disorders
Vertigo
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
Infections and infestations
Influenza
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
General disorders
Headache
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
6.7%
2/30 • Number of events 2 • Three periods of one week intervention
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary tract infection
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain upper
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention
0.00%
0/30 • Three periods of one week intervention

Additional Information

Dr Theo Mulder

Unilever R&D Research Vlaardingen

Phone: +31 10 460 8315

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place