Trial Outcomes & Findings for Study Comparing Combination of LGX818 Plus MEK162 Versus Vemurafenib and LGX818 Monotherapy in BRAF Mutant Melanoma (NCT NCT01909453)

A total of 921 participants were enrolled in this study.

Study closure by sponsor was used for the end of study reason since the per-protocol final OS analysis was performed and the study ended by sponsor per the EOS.Participants remaining on treatment at that time were allowed to continue treatment and roll over into the FLOTILLA continuation study (C4221026/NCT05203172)or move to another treatment.

Study Comparing Combination of LGX818 Plus MEK162 Versus Vemurafenib and LGX818 Monotherapy in BRAF Mutant Melanoma

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first documented disease progression (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. PFS was determined based on tumor assessment (RECIST version 1.1 criteria) as per BIRC/central review and survival information. If a participant did not had an event at the time of the analysis cut-off or at the start of any new anti-cancer therapy, data was censored at the date of last adequate tumor assessment. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameter of all measured target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of diameter of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 square millimeter (mm\^2).

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first documented PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. PFS was determined based on tumor assessment (RECIST version 1.1 criteria) as per BIRC and survival information. If a participant did not had an event at the time of the analysis cut-off or at the start of any new anti-cancer therapy, data was censored at the date of last adequate tumor assessment. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameter of all measured target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of diameter of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm\^2.

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first documented PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. PFS was determined based on tumor assessment (RECIST version 1.1 criteria) as per BIRC and survival information. If a participant did not had an event at the time of the analysis cut-off or at the start of any new anti-cancer therapy, data was censored at the date of last adequate tumor assessment. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameter of all measured target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of diameter of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm\^2.

Overall survival was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. If a death was not observed by the date of analysis cutoff, OS was censored at the date of last contact.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence at any dose that resulted in death; was life-threatening; required inpatient hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent/significant disability/incapacity; results in congenital anomaly/birth defect or an important medical event. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms; Grade 2: moderate; Grade 3: severe/medically significant; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence; Grade 5: death. AEs and SAEs of all grades combined were reported.

Laboratory parameters were graded using NCI-CTCAE v4.03 where, Grade 1: mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated. Grade 2: moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated. Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated. Grade 4: life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Grade 5: death. Clinically notable shift from baseline in laboratory parameter = worsening by at least 2 grades or to \>=grade 3. Only categories with non-zero values for any reporting arm are reported.

Notably abnormal vital signs were: low/high systolic blood pressure (SBP) (millimeter of mercury \[mmHg\]): \<= 90 mmHg with decrease from baseline of \>= 20 mmHg/\>= 160 mmHg with increase from baseline of \>=20 mmHg. Low/high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg): \<= 50 mmHg with decrease from baseline of \>=15 mmHg/\>=100 mmHg with increase from baseline of \>=15 mmHg. Low/high Pulse rate: \<=50 beats per minute (bpm) with decrease from baseline of \>=15 bpm/\>= 120 bpm with increase from baseline of \>=15 bpm. Low/high Weight (kilogram): \>=20 percent (%) decrease from baseline/\>= 10% increase from baseline. Low/high body temperature degree Celsius (C): \<= 36 degree C/\>= 37.5 degree C. Newly occurring was defined as participants not meeting criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline.

Newly occurring notable ECG values were reported for QT (millisecond \[ms\]), QT corrected interval using Fridericia's correction (QTcF) (ms), QT corrected interval using Bazett's correction formula (QTcB) (ms) and heart rate (beats per minute). Newly occurring was defined as participants not meeting criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline. Criteria for newly occurring notable ECG values (QT, QTcF, QTcB) were New \> 450, New \>480, New \>500, Increase from baseline \>30, Increase from baseline \>60; heart rate: New \<60, New \>100.

LVEF values were graded as Grade 0: non missing value below Grade 2; Grade 2: LVEF between 40% and 50% or absolute reduction from baseline \>=10% and \< 20%; Grade 3: LVEF between 20% and 39% or absolute reduction from baseline \>=20%; Grade 4: LVEF lower than 20%. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Missing data were due to participants who died or withdrew consent prior to the first scheduled evaluation or missed evaluations as protocol deviations.

AESI consisted of events for which there was a specific clinical interest with regard to LGX818 and/or MEK162 treatment. Dermatologic-related AESI included severe cutaneous adverse reactions, cutaneous non-squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and melanomas. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms, clinical/diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local/noninvasive intervention indicated, limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL; Grade 3: severe/medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization/ prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated, disabling, limiting self-care ADL; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death related to AE. AESIs of grade 3 or 4 are reported in this outcome measure.

AESI consisted of events for which there was a specific clinical interest with regard to LGX818 and/or MEK162 treatment. Ocular-related AESI included uveitis-type events. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms, clinical/diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local/noninvasive intervention indicated, limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL; Grade 3: severe/medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization/ prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated, disabling, limiting self-care ADL; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death related to AE. Ocular related AESIs of grade 3 or 4 are reported in this outcome measure.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence at any dose that resulted in death; was life-threatening; required inpatient hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent/significant disability/incapacity; results in congenital anomaly/birth defect or an important medical event. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms; Grade 2: moderate; Grade 3: severe/medically significant; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence; Grade 5: death. AEs and SAEs of all grades combined were reported.

Laboratory parameters were graded using NCI-CTCAE v4.03 where, Grade 1: mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated. Grade 2: moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated. Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated. Grade 4: life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Grade 5: death. Clinically notable shift from baseline in laboratory parameter = worsening by at least 2 grades or to \>=grade 3. Only categories with non-zero values for any reporting arm are reported.

Notably abnormal vital signs were: low/high SBP (mmHg): \<= 90 mmHg with decrease from baseline of \>= 20 mmHg/\>= 160 mmHg with increase from baseline of \>=20 mmHg. Low/high DBP (mmHg): \<= 50 mmHg with decrease from baseline of \>=15 mmHg/\>=100 mmHg with increase from baseline of \>=15 mmHg. Low/high Pulse rate: \<=50 bpm with decrease from baseline of \>=15 bpm/\>= 120 bpm with increase from baseline of \>=15 bpm. Low/high Weight (kilogram): \>=20% decrease from baseline/\>= 10% increase from baseline. Low/high body temperature degree C: \<= 36 degree C/\>= 37.5 degree C. Newly occurring was defined as participants not meeting criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline.

Newly occurring notable ECG values were reported for QT (ms), QTcF (ms), QTcB (ms) and heart rate (beats per minute). Newly occurring was defined as participants not meeting criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline. Criteria for newly occurring notable ECG values (QT, QTcF, QTcB) were New \> 450, New \>480, New \>500, Increase from baseline \>30, Increase from baseline \>60; heart rate: New \<60, New \>100.

LVEF values were graded as Grade 0: non missing value below Grade 2; Grade 2: LVEF between 40% and 50% or absolute reduction from baseline \>=10% and \< 20%; Grade 3: LVEF between 20% and 39% or absolute reduction from baseline \>=20%; Grade 4: LVEF lower than 20%. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Missing data were due to participants who died or withdrew consent prior to the first scheduled evaluation or missed evaluations as protocol deviations.

AESI consisted of events for which there was a specific clinical interest with regard to LGX818 and/or MEK162 treatment. Dermatologic-related AESI included severe cutaneous adverse reactions, cutaneous non-squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanomas. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms, clinical/diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local/noninvasive intervention indicated, limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL; Grade 3: severe/medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated, disabling, limiting self-care ADL; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death related to AE. AESIs of grade 3 or 4 are reported are reported in this outcome measure.

AESI consisted of events for which there was a specific clinical interest with regard to LGX818 and/or MEK162 treatment. Ocular-related AESI included uveitis-type events. As per NCI-CTCAE version 4.03, severity was graded as Grade 1: asymptomatic/mild symptoms, clinical/diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local/noninvasive intervention indicated, limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL; Grade 3: severe/medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization/ prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated, disabling, limiting self-care ADL; Grade 4: life-threatening consequence, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death related to AE. Ocular related AESIs of grade 3 or 4 are reported in this outcome measure.

OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. If a death was not observed by the date of analysis cutoff, OS was censored at the date of last contact.

ORR, calculated as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). CR was defined as disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters. Results are reported for confirmed BIRC response. All collected data up to the pre-specified collection period (i.e., end of study) are reported for this outcome measure (OM).

TTR was the time between date of randomization until first documented response of CR or PR. Participants who did not achieve a PR or CR were censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date when they did not have a PFS event or at maximum follow-up (i.e. first patient first visit \[FPFV\] to last patient last visit \[LPLV\] used for the analysis) when they had a PFS event. CR was defined as disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters. TTR was estimated in the treatment arms using a Kaplan-Meier method. TTR was based on central review. All collected data up to the pre-specified collection period (i.e., end of study) are reported for this outcome measure.

DCR was calculated as the percentage of participants with a best overall response (BOR) of CR, PR, or stable disease (SD). CR was defined as disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters. Two sets of DCR were considered, one for confirmed and one for unconfirmed responses. Results are reported for confirmed and unconfirmed responses combined. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR or CR nor an increase in lesions which would qualify for PD. DCR was based on central review. All collected data up to the pre-specified collection period (i.e., end of study) are reported for this outcome measure.

DOR was calculated, as the time from the date of first documented response (CR or PR) to the first documented progression or death due to underlying cancer. DOR was estimated for responders (i.e. participants achieving at least once CR or PR) only using a Kaplan-Meier method. CR was defined as disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters. If a participant with a CR or PR had no progression or death due to underlying disease, the participant was censored at the date of last adequate tumor assessment. Results are based on confirmed BIRC response. All collected data up to the pre-specified collection period (i.e., end of study) are reported for this outcome measure.

FACT-M:melanoma specific questionnaire to assess participant health-related quality of life(QoL).Melanoma specific 16 subscale :signs,symptoms,physical/social activities most relevant to participants with advanced-stage melanoma.Other items :physical,functional and social/family well-being(7 items each),emotional well-being(6 items),surgery specific concerns related to melanoma(8 items,not included in this study).Each item range 0(not at all)to 4(very much),combined to produce subscale scores.Total score range for FACT-M excluding surgery specific items is 0 to172,higher scores:better QoL.Melanoma subscale score range from0(worst)to 64(best response),higher score:better QoL.Time to definitive 10% deterioration:time from date of randomization to date of event with at least 10% relative to baseline worsening of corresponding scale score with no later improvement or death due to any cause.All collected data up to pre-specified collection period(i.e.,end of study)are reported for this OM.

EORTC QLQ-C30 is 30 item questionnaire composed of 5 multi-item functional subscales (physical,role,cognitive,emotional,social functioning), 3 multi-item symptom scales (fatigue,nausea/vomiting, and pain),global health/quality of life (QOL) subscale and 6 single items assessing other cancer related symptoms (dyspnea,sleep disturbance, appetite, diarrhea, constipation and financial impact of cancer). It employed twenty-eight 4 point Likert scales with responses from "not at all" to "very much" and two 7 point Likert scales for global health and overall QOL. Global health status scale score ranged from 0 to 100. Higher score: better level of functioning. Time to definitive 10% deterioration: time from date of randomization to date of event with at least 10% relative to baseline worsening of corresponding scale score with no later improvement or death due to any cause. All collected data up to the pre-specified collection period (i.e., end of study) are reported for this outcome measure.

FACT-M: melanoma specific questionnaire to assess participant health-related quality of life. Melanoma specific subscale consists of 16 items related to signs, symptoms, physical/social activities most relevant to participants with advanced-stage melanoma. Other items include physical, functional and social/family well-being (7 items each), emotional well-being (6 items), surgery specific concerns related to melanoma (8 items, not included in this study). Each item ranged from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much), combined to produce subscale scores. Total score range for FACT-M excluding surgery specific items is 0 to 172, higher scores represented better quality of life. Melanoma subscale score ranged from 0 (worst response) to 64 (best response), higher score indicated better quality of life.

EQ-5D-5L is a standardized participant completed questionnaire that measures health status in terms of a single index value or utility score. EQ-5D-5L consisted of two components: a health state profile (descriptive system) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) in which participants rate their overall health status from 0 (worst imaginable) to 100 (best imaginable), where higher scores indicated better health status. EQ-5D health state profile is comprised of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 response levels: 1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems. EQ-5D-5L health status index score range between 0 to 1. Higher score indicated better health status.

EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items and is composed of multi-item and single-item measures. These include 5 functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and pain), 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea and financial impact) and a global health status/quality of life (QOL) scale. The questionnaire employs 28 4-point Likert scales with responses from "not at all" to "very much" and two 7-point Likert scales for global health and overall QOL. Responses to all items converted to 0 to 100 scale. For functional and global QOL scales, higher scores represent a better level of functioning/QOL. For symptom-oriented scales, a higher score represents more severe symptoms.

EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items and is composed of multi-item and single-item measures. These include 5 functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and pain), 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea and financial impact) and a global health status/ QOL scale. The questionnaire employs 28 4-point Likert scales with responses from "not at all" to "very much" and two 7-point Likert scales for global health and overall QOL. Responses to all items converted to 0 to 100 scale. For functional and global QOL scales, higher scores represent a better level of functioning/QOL. For symptom-oriented scales, a higher score represented more severe symptoms.

EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items and is composed of multi-item and single-item measures. These include 5 functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and pain), 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea and financial impact) and a global health status/QOL scale. The questionnaire employs 28 4-point Likert scales with responses from "not at all" to "very much" and two 7-point Likert scales for global health and overall QOL. Responses to all items converted to 0 to 100 scale. For functional and global QOL scales, higher scores represented a better level of functioning/QOL. For symptom-oriented scales, a higher score represented more severe symptoms.

EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items and is composed of multi-item and single-item measures. These include 5 functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and pain), 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea and financial impact) and a global health status/QOL scale. The questionnaire employs 28 4-point Likert scales with responses from "not at all" to "very much" and two 7-point Likert scales for global health and overall QOL. Responses to all items converted to 0 to 100 scale. For functional and global QOL scales, higher scores represented a better level of functioning/QOL. For symptom-oriented scales, a higher score represented more severe symptoms.

ECOG: participant's performance status was measured on a 6-point scale: 0= fully active/able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction; 1= restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light and sedentary nature; 2= ambulatory and capable of all self-care, but unable to carry out any work activities, up and about more than 50% of waking hours; 3= capable of only limited self-care, confined to bed/chair \>50% of waking hours; 4= completely disabled, cannot carry on any self-care, totally confined to bed/chair: 5= dead.