Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Web-based Bystander Education Program (NCT NCT01903876)
NCT ID: NCT01903876
Last Updated: 2014-07-23
Results Overview
This scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time).
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
743 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
6 months
Results posted on
2014-07-23
Participant Flow
Recruitment took place between Feb 2010 - April 2010.
N=368 participants completed the eligibility screener and provided informed consent in the study, but failed to complete the baseline assessment. Because our randomization occurred following completion of baseline assessment, these participants were not randomized to groups and were not included.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
STARTED
|
367
|
376
|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
COMPLETED
|
183
|
268
|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
NOT COMPLETED
|
184
|
108
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
STARTED
|
183
|
268
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
COMPLETED
|
92
|
123
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
NOT COMPLETED
|
91
|
145
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
Lost to Follow-up
|
184
|
108
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
Lost to Follow-up
|
91
|
145
|
Baseline Characteristics
A Web-based Bystander Education Program
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=367 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=376 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
Total
n=743 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
20.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.66 • n=99 Participants
|
20.42 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.69 • n=107 Participants
|
20.38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.67 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
367 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
376 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
743 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
11 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
73 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
73 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
146 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
83 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
83 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
166 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
200 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
208 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
408 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
367 participants
n=99 Participants
|
376 participants
n=107 Participants
|
743 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Frequency of vaginal intercourse
|
8.38 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.03 • n=99 Participants
|
7.55 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.75 • n=107 Participants
|
7.96 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.89 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Single
|
270 participants
n=99 Participants
|
289 participants
n=107 Participants
|
559 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Married or has a partner
|
6 participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 participants
n=107 Participants
|
7 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Engaged or committed
|
87 participants
n=99 Participants
|
82 participants
n=107 Participants
|
169 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Separated
|
0 participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Divorced
|
1 participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Legal knowledge of rape/assault
|
4.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.78 • n=99 Participants
|
4.54 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.73 • n=107 Participants
|
4.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Knowledge of informed consent to have sex
|
11.46 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.49 • n=99 Participants
|
11.69 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.44 • n=107 Participants
|
11.58 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.46 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Self-efficacy to intervene
|
87.88 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.6 • n=99 Participants
|
88.74 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.93 • n=107 Participants
|
88.32 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.27 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Intentions to intervene
|
52.09 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.78 • n=99 Participants
|
52.68 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.85 • n=107 Participants
|
52.39 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Outcome expectancies for intervening
|
28.26 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.86 • n=99 Participants
|
28.72 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.33 • n=107 Participants
|
28.49 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Self-comfort with men's inappropriate behaviors
|
33.55 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.71 • n=99 Participants
|
32.68 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.82 • n=107 Participants
|
33.11 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Rape myth acceptance
|
36.69 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.29 • n=99 Participants
|
35.88 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.43 • n=107 Participants
|
36.28 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.36 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Outcome expectancies for engaging in rape
|
58.02 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.17 • n=99 Participants
|
58.71 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 • n=107 Participants
|
58.37 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.96 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Empathy for rape victims
|
68.78 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.79 • n=99 Participants
|
68.96 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.66 • n=107 Participants
|
68.87 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.72 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Hostility towards women
|
3.89 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.54 • n=99 Participants
|
3.42 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.43 • n=107 Participants
|
3.66 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.49 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Date rape attitudes
|
128.45 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.84 • n=99 Participants
|
128.85 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.07 • n=107 Participants
|
128.65 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.95 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Hyper-gender ideology
|
46.38 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 • n=99 Participants
|
46.59 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.28 • n=107 Participants
|
46.49 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.28 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Sexual coercion perpetration
|
.76 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.03 • n=99 Participants
|
.53 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.07 • n=107 Participants
|
.64 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.19 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Prosocial intervening
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24 • n=99 Participants
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 25 • n=107 Participants
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24 • n=206 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthsThis scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=92 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=123 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Prosocial Intervening Behavior
|
72.2 percent score on a scale
Standard Error .031
|
81.1 percent score on a scale
Standard Error .028
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthsPopulation: For some of the variables in this analysis, there were missing data. ANCOVA performed in SPSS will use a listwise deletion. This resulted in n=87 and n=115 for this analysis.
This scale is the Conflict Tactics Scale revised, Sexual Coercion Subscale and assessed the number of sexually coercive/violent behaviors engaged in during the past 6 months. The index ranges from 0 (no engagement in any sexual violence) to 7 (engaged in all 7 sexually violent behaviors).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=87 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=115 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Sexual Violence Perpetration
|
.498 score on a scale
Standard Error .087
|
.258 score on a scale
Standard Error .075
|
Adverse Events
General Health Promotion
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place