Trial Outcomes & Findings for Efficacy, Safety and Dose-Response Study Followed by Open-Label Study of Lofexidine Treatment of Opioid Withdrawal (NCT NCT01863186)

NCT ID: NCT01863186

Last Updated: 2022-03-22

Results Overview

The SOWS-Gossop was completed by the mITT population subject at baseline, once daily at 3.5 hours after the first dose of the study medication on Days 1 to 7. It consists of 10 items that are scored on a 4-point scale; 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe. The overall score is the simple sum of the 10-item scores (minimum overall score of 0, maximum score of 30). Higher individual scores on the scale indicate greater symptom severity. However, as the outcome measure is a difference from placebo, a lower number indicates a better outcome. mITT population: all randomized subjects who received at least 1 dose of study medication

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

603 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Days 1 through 7

Results posted on

2022-03-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
OL: All Lofexidine HCl
Participants were given the option to receive lofexidine HCl tablets for up to 7 additional days, following the double blind period. Dosing regimens are at the discretion of the Investigator, but total daily dose will not exceed 3.2 mg.
Double-blind Phase
STARTED
229
222
151
0
Double-blind Phase
COMPLETED
95
88
42
0
Double-blind Phase
NOT COMPLETED
134
134
109
0
Open-label Phase
STARTED
0
0
0
83
Open-label Phase
COMPLETED
0
0
0
70
Open-label Phase
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
13

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Efficacy, Safety and Dose-Response Study Followed by Open-Label Study of Lofexidine Treatment of Opioid Withdrawal

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
n=229 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
n=222 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
n=151 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
Total
n=602 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
35 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.8 • n=99 Participants
35 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=107 Participants
36 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.9 • n=206 Participants
35 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.0 • n=157 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
67 Participants
n=99 Participants
64 Participants
n=107 Participants
44 Participants
n=206 Participants
175 Participants
n=157 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
162 Participants
n=99 Participants
158 Participants
n=107 Participants
107 Participants
n=206 Participants
427 Participants
n=157 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
33 Participants
n=99 Participants
28 Participants
n=107 Participants
22 Participants
n=206 Participants
83 Participants
n=157 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
196 Participants
n=99 Participants
194 Participants
n=107 Participants
129 Participants
n=206 Participants
519 Participants
n=157 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
4 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
5 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
5 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
54 Participants
n=99 Participants
48 Participants
n=107 Participants
26 Participants
n=206 Participants
128 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
169 Participants
n=99 Participants
158 Participants
n=107 Participants
117 Participants
n=206 Participants
444 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=157 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
9 Participants
n=107 Participants
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
16 Participants
n=157 Participants
Body weight
76.0 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.88 • n=99 Participants
76.1 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.59 • n=107 Participants
76.0 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.94 • n=206 Participants
76.1 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.29 • n=157 Participants
BMI (kg/m^2)
25.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.71 • n=99 Participants
25.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.32 • n=107 Participants
25.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.63 • n=206 Participants
25.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.92 • n=157 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Days 1 through 7

Population: mITT population Participants Analyzed does not match the Participant Flow because of missing data.

The SOWS-Gossop was completed by the mITT population subject at baseline, once daily at 3.5 hours after the first dose of the study medication on Days 1 to 7. It consists of 10 items that are scored on a 4-point scale; 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe. The overall score is the simple sum of the 10-item scores (minimum overall score of 0, maximum score of 30). Higher individual scores on the scale indicate greater symptom severity. However, as the outcome measure is a difference from placebo, a lower number indicates a better outcome. mITT population: all randomized subjects who received at least 1 dose of study medication

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
n=229 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
n=222 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
n=151 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 1
7.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.00
7.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.75
9.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.81
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 2
10.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.83
9.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.38
13.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.29
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 3
7.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.53
7.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.34
10.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.76
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 4
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.32
5.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.36
9.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.81
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 5
4.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.60
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.96
6.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.91
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 6
3.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.97
3.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.10
4.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.80
Difference Between the Overall Means From Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale of Gossop (SOWS-Gossop) Scores
Day 7
2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.45
2.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.23
2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.60

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 7

Population: The percentage of subjects in each treatment arm who complete the double-blind phase of the study (defined as those who receive at least one dose of study medication on Day 7 and complete the 3.5 hour post-dose SOWS-Gossop assessment on Day 7).

The percentage of subjects in each treatment arm who receive at least one dose of study medication on Day 7 and complete the 3.5 hour post-dose SOWS-Gossop assessment on Day 7.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
n=229 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
n=222 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
n=151 Participants
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
Completion Status
Yes/Complete
95 Participants
88 Participants
42 Participants
Completion Status
No/Did Not Complete
134 Participants
134 Participants
109 Participants

Adverse Events

DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 216 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose

Serious events: 5 serious events
Other events: 211 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

DB: Placebo

Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 134 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

OL: All Lofexidine HCl

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 46 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
n=229 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
n=222 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
n=151 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
OL: All Lofexidine HCl
n=83 participants at risk
Participants were given the option to receive lofexidine HCl tablets for up to 7 additional days, following the double blind period. Dosing regimens are at the discretion of the Investigator, but total daily dose will not exceed 3.2 mg.
Infections and infestations
Acute hepatitis C
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.66%
1/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Overdose
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.45%
1/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Toxicity to various agents
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.45%
1/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Investigations
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.66%
1/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Nervous system disorders
Syncope
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.90%
2/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Psychiatric disorders
Suicidal ideation
0.00%
0/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.45%
1/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
DB: Lofexidine HCl 2.4mg Dose
n=229 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive 2.4 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 2.4 mg (one tablet in each dose will be a placebo tablet to maintain the blind) for up to 7 days.
DB: Lofexidine HCl 3.2mg Dose
n=222 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive 3.2 mg total daily dose of lofexidine HCl during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for a total daily dose of 3.2 mg for up to 7 days.
DB: Placebo
n=151 participants at risk
Participants were randomized to receive placebo during the double-blind period of the study. Subjects will take 4 tablets QID for up to 7 days. Placebo: Lofexidine-matching tablets without the active pharmaceutical ingredient will be provided as 4 tablets QID during the double-blind portion of the study to subjects randomized to placebo.
OL: All Lofexidine HCl
n=83 participants at risk
Participants were given the option to receive lofexidine HCl tablets for up to 7 additional days, following the double blind period. Dosing regimens are at the discretion of the Investigator, but total daily dose will not exceed 3.2 mg.
Cardiac disorders
Bradycardia
23.6%
54/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
31.5%
70/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
5.3%
8/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
3.6%
3/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain
3.9%
9/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.3%
5/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
9/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain upper
8.3%
19/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
8.1%
18/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
7.9%
12/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhoea
22.3%
51/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
21.6%
48/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
23.2%
35/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
5/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dry mouth
9.6%
22/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
10.8%
24/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.3%
2/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
6.1%
14/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
7.7%
17/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.6%
4/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.4%
2/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
21.8%
50/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
12.2%
27/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
21.2%
32/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
10.0%
23/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
8.6%
19/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
15.9%
24/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.2%
1/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
General disorders
Pain
22.3%
51/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
18.9%
42/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
23.8%
36/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
General disorders
Drug withdrawal syndrome
6.1%
14/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.3%
14/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.6%
7/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
General disorders
Fatigue
6.1%
14/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
7.2%
16/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.0%
6/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
3.6%
3/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Back pain
3.9%
9/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.1%
9/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
9/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.4%
2/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Myalgia
13.1%
30/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
9.9%
22/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
16.6%
25/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.2%
1/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Nervous system disorders
Headache
13.1%
30/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
14.0%
31/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
15.2%
23/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Nervous system disorders
Sedation
12.7%
29/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
12.2%
27/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
5.3%
8/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.2%
1/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
19.2%
44/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
23.0%
51/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.6%
4/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
3.6%
3/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Nervous system disorders
Somnolence
10.9%
25/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
13.1%
29/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
5.3%
8/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
4.4%
10/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.5%
10/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.6%
10/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
5/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
51.1%
117/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
55.4%
123/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
48.3%
73/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Rhinorrhoea
3.5%
8/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.7%
6/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
9/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.2%
1/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
5.7%
13/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
3.6%
8/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
2.6%
4/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.00%
0/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Vascular disorders
Hypertension
1.3%
3/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
3.2%
7/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
9.9%
15/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.2%
1/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Vascular disorders
Hypotension
30.1%
69/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
30.2%
67/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
1.3%
2/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
8.4%
7/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Vascular disorders
Orthostatic hypotension
29.3%
67/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
42.3%
94/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.6%
7/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
4.8%
4/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)
Cardiac disorders
Tachycardia
2.6%
6/229 • Through study completion (14 Days)
0.90%
2/222 • Through study completion (14 Days)
8.6%
13/151 • Through study completion (14 Days)
6.0%
5/83 • Through study completion (14 Days)

Additional Information

Medical Affairs

USWM, LLC

Phone: 1-888-900-8796

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place