Trial Outcomes & Findings for Short Course Radiation Therapy With Proton or Photon Beam Capecitabine and Hydroxychloroquine for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (NCT NCT01494155)

NCT ID: NCT01494155

Last Updated: 2026-08-05

Results Overview

Progression-free survival (PFS) will be defined as the time from the start of treatment until the first objective documentation of progressive disease (PD) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, or death. PFS is reported as the number of participants without PD after 2 years and 4 years on study. Participants who die without a reported prior progression will be considered to have progressed on the day of their death. Progressive disease (PD) is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

50 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

up to 4 years

Results posted on

2026-08-05

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Overall Study
STARTED
50
Overall Study
COMPLETED
50
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Short Course Radiation Therapy With Proton or Photon Beam Capecitabine and Hydroxychloroquine for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Age, Customized
Between 50-59 years
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
Age, Customized
Between 60-69 years
18 Participants
n=20 Participants
Age, Customized
Between 70-79 years
20 Participants
n=20 Participants
Age, Customized
Between 80-89 years
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
24 Participants
n=20 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
26 Participants
n=20 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
46 Participants
n=20 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
47 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=20 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 4 years

Progression-free survival (PFS) will be defined as the time from the start of treatment until the first objective documentation of progressive disease (PD) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, or death. PFS is reported as the number of participants without PD after 2 years and 4 years on study. Participants who die without a reported prior progression will be considered to have progressed on the day of their death. Progressive disease (PD) is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Progression-free Survival
2-year PFS
16 Participants
Progression-free Survival
4-year PFS
10 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 9 weeks

Pathological complete response (pCR) will be defined as the absence of any viable tumor cells within the tissue samples removed during surgery.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Number of Participants With Pathologic Complete Response
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 4 years

Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time from start of study therapy to date of death and will be reported as the number of patients alive after 2 years and 4 years on study. Participants who have not died will be censored at the date they were last known to be alive.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Overall Survival
2-year OS
21 Participants
Overall Survival
4-year OS
12 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 weeks

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are grade 3 or higher AEs as assessed by the CTEP Active Version of the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4, and at least possibly related to study treatment capecitabine + hydroxychloroquine and short course radiation therapy. TEAEs are AEs that began after the start of study treatment; or if the event was continuous from baseline and was serious, at least possibly related to study treatment, or resulted in death, discontinuation, or interruption or reduction of study treatment. Participants with multiple occurrences of TEAEs are counted only once per specific category in CTCAE v4.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
Vomiting
1 Participants
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
Nausea
1 Participants
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
Hyperglycemia
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 30 days after surgery

Population: The were 3 participants did not undergo surgery due to metastatic disease or intercurrent illness.

Surgical morbidity is defined as adverse events during an operation and up to 30 days afterwards, grade 3 or higher and at least possibly related to surgery as assessed by the CTEP Active Version of the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=47 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Number of Participants With Surgical Morbidity
6 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days after surgery

Population: The were 3 participants did not undergo surgery due to metastatic disease or intercurrent illness.

Post-operative mortality is defined as death within 30 days after surgery.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=47 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Number of Participants With Post-operative Mortality
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 9 weeks

Population: The were 3 participants did not undergo surgery due to metastatic disease or intercurrent illness.

Pathologic downstaging (pDS) is defined as a change in the tumor stage from pre-treatment clinical staging to the final pathology of the surgically removed tumor after receiving neoadjuvant treatment (i.e., treatment given before surgery).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=47 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Number of Participants With Pathologic Downstaging
47 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Local control is defined as the time from the start of study treatment to the date of local failure; this outcome is reported below as the number of participants without local failure at 2 years after start of study treatment. Local failure is defined as progressive disease (PD) of the main tumor or at the margins of where the main tumor was surgically removed, as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria v1.1 below: * At least a 20% increase in the longest diameter of target tumor lesion and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, taking as reference the baseline measurement. * The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression. Patients who have not experienced a local failure will be censored at the last date they were known to have local control.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 Participants
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Number of Participants With Local Control
43 Participants

Adverse Events

Hydroxychloroquine

Serious events: 20 serious events
Other events: 50 other events
Deaths: 39 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 participants at risk
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Infections and infestations
Sepsis
14.0%
7/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory failure
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Vascular disorders
Hypotension
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Lymphocyte count decreased
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Intraoperative venous injury
4.0%
2/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Myocardial infarction
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Fever
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Aspiration
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Wound infection
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Intraoperative hemorrhage
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Ventricular tachycardia
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Aspartate aminotransferase increased
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Hepatic infection
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Acute kidney injury
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Heart failure
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Atrial fibrillation
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Intracranial hemorrhage
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Small intestinal perforation
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fracture
2.0%
1/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Death NOS
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Hydroxychloroquine
n=50 participants at risk
Hydroxychloroquine with chemoradiation Capecitabine: 825 mg/m2 BID orally for a total of 10 days (M-F of weeks 2 and 3) Hydroxychloroquine: 400 mg BID from study day 1 until surgery. Dosing resumed upon discharge from hospital Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy: Daily, beginning Week 2 for 5 consecutive days
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
36.0%
18/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dry mouth
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Duodenal hemorrhage
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Dysgeusia
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dyspepsia
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dysphagia
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Dyspnea
18.0%
9/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Edema face
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Edema limbs
26.0%
13/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Erythema multiforme
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Eye disorders
Eye pain
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fall
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Fatigue
98.0%
49/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Fever
44.0%
22/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Flank pain
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Flatulence
32.0%
16/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Flu like symptoms
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fracture
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
20.0%
10/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastroparesis
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Generalized muscle weakness
18.0%
9/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Headache
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Hiccups
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hyperglycemia
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hyperkalemia
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Vascular disorders
Hypertension
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hypokalemia
18.0%
9/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hyponatremia
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Vascular disorders
Hypotension
26.0%
13/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Hypoxia
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
24.0%
12/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Lethargy
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Localized edema
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Lymphocyte count decreased
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Malabsorption
30.0%
15/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Malaise
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Mucositis oral
14.0%
7/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nasal congestion
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
94.0%
47/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Neutrophil count decreased
28.0%
14/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Non-cardiac chest pain
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Pain
20.0%
10/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain in extremity
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Pancreatic enzymes decreased
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Paresthesia
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Peripheral sensory neuropathy
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Vascular disorders
Phlebitis
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Platelet count decreased
20.0%
10/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Pruritus
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary edema
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash maculo-papular
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Sepsis
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Sinus tachycardia
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory failure
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin infection
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Somnolence
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sore throat
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Vascular disorders
Sore throat
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Upper respiratory infection
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary frequency
14.0%
7/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Urinary tract infection
18.0%
9/50 • Up to 5 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Urine discoloration
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
62.0%
31/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Weight loss
80.0%
40/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
White blood cell decreased
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Wound complication
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Wound dehiscence
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Wound infection
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac disorders - Other, specify
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal pain
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal disorders - Other, specify
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
General disorders and administration site conditions - Other, specify
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Infections and infestations - Other, specify
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Hepatobiliary disorders
Hepatobiliary disorders - Other, specify
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin/subcutaneous tissue disorders; Other, specify
34.0%
17/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal distension
32.0%
16/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain
86.0%
43/50 • Up to 5 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Acute kidney injury
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Alanine aminotransferase increased
22.0%
11/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Alkaline phosphatase increased
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Immune system disorders
Allergic reaction
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Alopecia
12.0%
6/50 • Up to 5 years
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Anemia
34.0%
17/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Anorexia
88.0%
44/50 • Up to 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
26.0%
13/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthralgia
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthritis
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Ascites
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Aspartate aminotransferase increased
22.0%
11/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Aspiration
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Atelectasis
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Back pain
48.0%
24/50 • Up to 5 years
Hepatobiliary disorders
Bile duct stenosis
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Infections and infestations
Biliary tract infection
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Bloating
34.0%
17/50 • Up to 5 years
Investigations
Blood bilirubin increased
28.0%
14/50 • Up to 5 years
Eye disorders
Blurred vision
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Bruising
16.0%
8/50 • Up to 5 years
Eye disorders
Cataract
6.0%
3/50 • Up to 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Chest pain - cardiac
10.0%
5/50 • Up to 5 years
General disorders
Chills
30.0%
15/50 • Up to 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Confusion
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
64.0%
32/50 • Up to 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
32.0%
16/50 • Up to 5 years
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Dehydration
36.0%
18/50 • Up to 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Depression
8.0%
4/50 • Up to 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea
82.0%
41/50 • Up to 5 years

Additional Information

Theodore S. Hong, MD

Massachusetts General Hospital

Phone: 617-726-6050

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place