Trial Outcomes & Findings for Androgen-Deprivation Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer (NCT NCT01368588)

Gleason score (2-10) reflects tumor grade, with higher scores indicating more aggressive cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood level reflects tumor burden, with higher values indicating worse disease. Clinical tumor stage per AJCC 7th edition describes the size and extent of the primary tumor; higher T-stage (number) and substage (letters within a stage) indicate more advanced disease.

Survival rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, censoring participants alive at time of analysis.

Prostate cancer death rates were estimated using the cumulative incidence method, treating death due to other causes as a competing risk, and otherwise censoring participants alive at time of analysis.

Distant metastasis rates were estimated using the cumulative incidence method, treating death as a competing risk, and otherwise censoring participants alive without distant metastasis at time of analysis.

Biochemical failure is defined as a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of ≥2.0 ng/mL above the post-treatment PSA nadir following radiation therapy for prostate cancer (Phoenix definition). Biochemical failure rates were estimated using the cumulative incidence method, treating death as a competing risk, and otherwise censoring participants alive without biochemical failure at time of analysis.

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) grades adverse event severity as follows: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life-threatening, 5 = death related to adverse event. Acute adverse events are defined as those occurring within 30 days after the completion of radiation therapy. RT begins approximately weeks 8-10 after starting protocol therapy and ends approximately weeks 19-22, depending on boost technique. Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data.

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) grades adverse event severity as follows: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = life-threatening, 5 = death related to adverse event. Late adverse events are defined as occurring ≥ 30 days after end of RT (approximately weeks 19-22, depending on boost technique). Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data.

The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 (EPIC-26) measures health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer across urinary incontinence, urinary irritative/obstructive, bowel, sexual, and hormonal domains. Possible scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. Change is defined as the time point score minus the baseline score, where positive values indicate improvement and negative values indicate decline.

The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 (EPIC-26) measures health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer across urinary incontinence, urinary irritative/obstructive, bowel, sexual, and hormonal domains. Possible scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. Change is defined as the time point score minus the baseline score, where positive values indicate improvement and negative values indicate decline.

The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) fatigue score measures self-reported fatigue symptoms over the past 7 days. Possible raw scores range from 29.4 to 83.2 (higher raw score indicating greater fatigue) and are converted into standardized T-scores (mean=50, standard deviation=10) with higher scores also indicating greater fatigue. Change score is calculated by subtracting baseline T-score from later T-score, with a positive change score indicating increased fatigue.

Quality adjusted life years is calculated as the weighted sum of the number of years spent in different health states. The weight value is a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state) derived from the EQ-5D questionnaire, designed to describe and value health based on mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.